A turbine that uses high-pressure air instead of high-temperature, high-pressure gas. Its operating principle is the same as that of steam turbines and gas turbines, and it can be used to expand high-pressure air to power a vehicle, or to liquefy air by lowering its temperature through expansion. Its types are the same as other turbines, with axial flow types in which air passes axially through the turbine impeller, and centrifugal types in which air flows radially. Axial flow types are suitable for passing large volumes of air, and are used to power large propeller blowers and centrifugal pumps that rotate at high speeds. Centrifugal turbines are suitable for passing small volumes of air, and are often small and rotate at high speeds, and are used in ultra-high-speed centrifuges, to power grinding wheels, and to start gas turbines. Centrifugal turbines are also used to liquefy air and other fluids. Unlike steam turbines, air turbines do not require water, and do not emit harmful high-temperature exhaust gases like gas turbines. Therefore, they are a clean power source, and are characterized by their small size relative to their output and high speed rotation. [Masatake Yoshida] [Reference] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
高温高圧ガスのかわりに高圧空気を用いるタービン。作動原理は蒸気タービン、ガスタービンと同じで、高圧の空気を膨張させて動力源としたり、膨張による温度降下によって空気を液化するのに用いたりする。形式は他のタービンと同じで、空気がタービン羽根車を軸方向に通る軸流式と、半径方向に流れる遠心式がある。軸流式は大量の空気を流すのに適しており、大型のプロペラ送風機や高速で回転する遠心ポンプなどの動力として用いられる。遠心タービンは小流量の空気を流すのに適しており、小型で高速回転するものが多く、超高速遠心分離機、研削用砥石(といし)の動力、ガスタービンなどの始動用動力などに用いられる。また空気などを液化するのにも遠心タービンが用いられている。 空気タービンは蒸気タービンのように水などを必要とせず、またガスタービンのように高温で有害な排気ガスが出ない。そのためきれいな動力源であり、しかも、出力のわりに小型であり、高速回転であるという特長がある。 [吉田正武] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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