Kirov, Sergei Mironovich

Japanese: キーロフ(英語表記)Kirov, Sergei Mironovich
Kirov, Sergei Mironovich
Born: March 27, 1886, Urjum
[Died] December 1, 1934. Leningrad. Russian revolutionary activist and early Communist Party leader in the Soviet Union. He was said to be a disciple of VI Lenin and a comrade-in-arms of I. Stalin. Graduated from the Kazan Industrial Technical School in 1904. In 1905, he joined the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party, and was a member of the Bolsheviks, and was arrested several times for leading railway strikes. In 1917, he was active in Petrograd (now St. Petersburg). During the Civil War, he participated in the operation to wipe out Denikin's army as chairman of the Astrakhan Provisional Revolutionary Military Committee and a member of the Revolutionary Council of the Southern Army Group. In 1921, he was a candidate for the Central Committee of the Communist Party, and in 1923, he was a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party. From 1925, he worked hard to establish Stalin's leadership in Leningrad, and became a candidate for the Politburo in 1926, a member of the Politburo in 1930, and Secretary of the Central Committee in 1934, but was assassinated in December 1934. Kirov was a powerful supporter of Stalin and popular among the people, but some believe he was assassinated on Stalin's orders because of disagreements with him over policies in the early 1930s. The truth of the matter remains unclear. Kirov's assassination marked the start of Stalin's Great Purge.

Kirov
Kirov

Vyatka until 1934. Capital of Kirov Oblast in western Russia. A river port city located on the left bank of the upper Vyatka River, about 320 km north of Kazan. Founded in 1181 by Novgorod merchants for trade with the East, it was called Khlynov. In 1489, it became part of the Grand Duchy of Moscow. In 1781, it was renamed Vyatka and became the administrative center, but it did not develop much and was a place of exile for a long time. After the Russian Revolution, industry developed, and now there are industries such as machinery (machine tools, agricultural machinery, washing machines), measuring instruments, wood processing, matches, leather and shoemaking, and meat processing. There are educational, agricultural, and technical universities, as well as a library established by the Russian writer AI Herzen when he lived in the city as an exile. Many architectural monuments from the 17th to 19th centuries are preserved in the city, including the Dormition Cathedral built in 1689. It is a key railroad hub with rail links to Perm, Kotlas, Vologda, and Nizhny Novgorod (formerly Gorky). Population: 473,668 (2010).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1886.3.27. ウルジュム
[没]1934.12.1. レニングラード
ロシアの革命運動家,ソ連初期の共産党指導者。 V.I.レーニンの弟子,I.スターリンの戦友といわれていた。 1904年カザン工業技術学校卒業。 05年ロシア社会民主労働党に入党,ボルシェビキに属し,鉄道ストライキの指導などで何回か逮捕された。 17年の十月革命ではペトログラード (現サンクトペテルブルグ) で活動。国内戦ではアストラハン臨時革命軍事委員会議長,南方軍集団革命会議議員などとしてデニキン軍掃討作戦に参加した。 21年党中央委員候補,23年党中央委員。 25年からレニングラードでスターリンの指導体制確立のため尽力し,26年党政治局員候補,30年政治局員,34年中央委員会書記となったが,34年 12月暗殺。彼はスターリン派の有力者で国民の人気も高かったが,1930年代初期の政策をめぐってスターリンと対立したためスターリンの指図によって暗殺されたとの見方もあり,真相は不明である。キーロフの暗殺はスターリンの大粛清の合図となった。

キーロフ
Kirov

1934年までビャトカ Vyatka。ロシア西部,キーロフ州の州都。カザンの北約 320km,ビャトカ川上流部左岸に位置する河港都市。 1181年ノブゴロドの商人が東方との交易のために建設,フルイノフ Khlynovと呼んだ。 1489年モスクワ大公国領に入った。 1781年ビャトカと改称され,行政中心地となったが,あまり発展せず,長い間流刑地とされていた。ロシア革命後工業が発展し,現在,機械 (工作機械,農業機械,洗濯機) ,測定器具,木材加工,マッチ,皮革・製靴,食肉加工などの工業がある。教育,農業,工科の各大学,ロシアの作家 A.I.ゲルツェンが流刑囚として市に住んでいたときに設立した図書館などがある。市内には 1689年建造のウスペンスキー大聖堂をはじめ,17~19世紀の建築記念物が多数保存されている。鉄道交通の要地で,ペルミ,コトラス,ボログダ,ニジニーノブゴロド (旧ゴーリキー) の各方面へ鉄道が通じている。人口 47万3668(2010)。

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