Pleura - Pleura

Japanese: 胸膜 - きょうまく
Pleura - Pleura

A serous membrane that covers the surface of the lungs and the inner surface of the thoracic wall, it is a thin, transparent membrane that was formerly called the pleura. The pulmonary pleura that covers the surface of one lung wraps around the bronchi and pulmonary arteries and veins that enter the lung at the hilum, then turns around and transitions into the parietal pleura that covers the inner surface of the thoracic wall. In this way, the pleura that covers one lung and the thoracic wall is continuous, so the pulmonary pleura and the parietal pleura form a closed cavity. This left and right cavity is called the pleural cavity. The parietal pleura is divided into the mediastinal pleura that contacts the heart, trachea, and large blood vessels, the costal pleura on the inner surface of the thoracic wall, and the diaphragmatic pleura that covers the upper surface of the diaphragm. Because the pleural cavity is a narrow space, the pulmonary pleura and the parietal pleura come into contact with each other during breathing. For this reason, a small amount of pleural fluid (serous fluid) exists in the pleural cavity to prevent friction.

When inflammation occurs in the pleura, exudate, blood, pus, etc. may appear and accumulate in the pleural cavity. If air enters this cavity, it is called a pneumothorax. If the exudate is absorbed into the body, the pulmonary pleura and the parietal pleura (especially the costal pleura of the chest wall) may adhere to each other. If this occurs over a wide area, the respiratory movement of the lungs is restricted, and vital capacity is reduced.

[Kazuyo Shimai]

[Reference] | Pneumothorax

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

肺の表面、および胸郭壁内面を覆っている漿膜(しょうまく)で、かつては肋膜(ろくまく)ともよんだ薄い透明な膜である。片側の肺表面を覆う肺胸膜は、肺門の部分で肺に進入する気管支、肺動静脈を包みながら反転して胸郭壁内面を覆う壁側胸膜に移行する。このように、片側の肺と胸郭壁とを覆う胸膜は連続しているため、肺胸膜と壁側胸膜とは閉鎖した腔(くう)をつくることになる。この左右の腔を胸膜腔とよぶ。壁側胸膜は、心臓、気管、大血管に接する縦隔胸膜、胸壁内面の肋骨(ろっこつ)胸膜、横隔膜上面を覆う横隔胸膜に分けられる。胸膜腔は狭い間隙(かんげき)であるため、肺の呼吸運動の際には肺胸膜と壁側胸膜とは触れ合うこととなる。このため、胸膜腔には摩擦を防ぐために、少量の胸膜液(漿液)が存在している。

 胸膜に炎症が生じると、胸膜腔に滲出(しんしゅつ)液、血液、膿(のう)などが出現し、貯留することがある。空気がこの腔に入ると気胸とよばれる。滲出液が体内に吸収されると肺胸膜と壁側胸膜(とくに胸壁の肋骨胸膜)とが癒着することがある。その範囲が広範に及ぶと肺の呼吸運動が制限されるため、肺活量も減少する。

[嶋井和世]

[参照項目] | 気胸

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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