Paleocene - Gyoshinsei (English spelling) Paleocene

Japanese: 暁新世 - ぎょうしんせい(英語表記)Paleocene
Paleocene - Gyoshinsei (English spelling) Paleocene

A geological period division, the first of three periods in the Paleogene of the Cenozoic era. It refers to the period from about 66 million years ago to 56 million years ago. The strata formed during the Paleocene are called the Paleocene. The deposits of this period are composed of rocks similar to those of the Cretaceous period, but the chalk that was prominent in the Cretaceous period disappeared in the Paleocene, and instead, green sandstone with glauconite was deposited over a wide area. However, its distribution is known only in limited areas. The climate was about the same as today or slightly warmer. In the plant kingdom, angiosperms that appeared in the late Cretaceous period of the Mesozoic era developed rapidly in the Paleocene, and they are already of modern type. However, they were still primitive and small. In the animal kingdom, dinosaurs and other creatures became extinct during the great upheaval at the end of the Mesozoic era, but in the Paleocene, mammals increased in number instead. However, they were still primitive and small. In the marine world, the distribution of bivalves, gastropods, echinoderms, and foraminifera is expanding. In particular, large limestone-forming foraminifera such as Nummulites and Discocyclines are abundant in shallow tropical waters. Thus, the pace of evolution differs between the plant and animal kingdoms.

[Toshiyuki Yamaguchi August 19, 2015]

[Reference items] | Macroforaminifera | Glauconite | Numulstone | Echinoderm | Sandstone | Cenozoic | Tertiary | Geological period | Chalk | Cretaceous | Angiosperms | Mammals | Foraminifera

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

地質時代の時代区分の一つで、新生代の古第三紀を三つに分けたときの最初の時期。およそ6600万年前から5600万年前までの時代をいう。暁新世に形成された地層を暁新統という。この時代の堆積(たいせき)物は、白亜紀のそれと同様の岩石から構成されるが、白亜紀に卓越したチョークは暁新世にはなくなり、かわって海緑石を伴う緑色の砂岩が広範囲に堆積した。ただしその分布は限られた地域にのみ知られる。気候は現在程度か多少温暖であった。植物界では、中生代白亜紀後期に出現した被子植物は暁新世に入って急速に発展し、それらはすでに現代型のものである。しかし、まだ原始的なところもあり小形であった。動物界では、中生代末の大変革で恐竜などが絶滅したが、暁新世に入ると、かわって哺乳(ほにゅう)類が増加した。しかし、まだ原始的で小形であった。海洋生物では、二枚貝、巻き貝、棘皮(きょくひ)動物類や有孔虫類の分布の拡大が特徴的である。とくにヌムリテスNummulitesとかディスコシクリネスDiscocyclinesという石灰岩をつくる大形の有孔虫類が熱帯の浅海域に豊富であった。このように植物界と動物界では進化のテンポが異なる。

[山口寿之 2015年8月19日]

[参照項目] | 大形有孔虫 | 海緑石 | 貨幣石 | 棘皮動物 | 砂岩 | 新生代 | 第三紀 | 地質時代 | チョーク | 白亜紀 | 被子植物 | 哺乳類 | 有孔虫

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