Gülhane Edict - Gülhane Chokrei (English spelling) Gülhâne hatt-i hümâyunu

Japanese: ギュルハネ勅令 - ギュルハネちょくれい（英語表記）Gülhâne hatt-i hümâyunu

In 1839, the 31st Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, Abdul Mejid I, promised to implement a series of modernization reforms (→Tanzimat). Since the end of the 18th century, the Ottoman Empire had been in a severe decline, and the division of its territory had become a problem known as the "Eastern Question." The formation of local governments and the independence movement of Christian minorities had threatened to split the empire apart. The Sultan sought to overcome this crisis by reforming national politics and building a modern state. The contents of the declaration included guaranteeing the lives, property, and honor of all citizens of the empire, eliminating discrimination on the basis of race and faith, implementing public trials, setting military service limits, and reforming the tax system.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

1839年，オスマン帝国第 31代スルタン，アブドゥル・メジト1世が一連の近代化改革 (→タンジマート ) の実施を約束した宣言。 18世紀末以後，オスマン帝国の衰退は著しく，その領土分割は「東方問題」となって現れ，国内においても地方政権の形成とキリスト教徒少数民族の独立運動とが，帝国分裂の危機を招いていた。スルタンは国政の改革，近代国家の建設により危機を乗越えようとした。内容は，すべての帝国民の生命，財産，名誉の保障，人種と信仰とによる差別の撤廃，公開裁判の実施，兵役年限の規定，徴税制度の改革など。

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