A bacteriological term used in contrast to rod-shaped and spiral bacteria, it refers to spherical bacteria. In English, the singular is coccus and the plural is cocci. Cocci are divided into the following categories based on the arrangement of their spherical cells: monococci - bacteria with a single spherical cell. diplococci - bacteria that usually consist of two spherical bacteria connected together. tetracocci - bacteria with four spherical cells arranged in a square plane. sarcina - bacteria with eight spherical cells arranged in a cubic shape. streptococci - bacteria with spherical cells arranged in a chain. staphylococci - bacteria with spherical cells arranged in clusters like grapes. The main types are monococci, diplococci, and tetracocci, which are usually small in size, and are sometimes called micrococci. Some bacterial genera have names that directly describe their shape, such as Sarcina , Streptococcus , and Staphylococcus , while others use the suffix -coccus to describe their shape, such as Methanococcus for methane-producing cocci and Myxococcus for mucus-producing cocci. [Masami Soneda] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
桿(かん)菌やらせん菌と対比して使われる細菌学用語で、球状の細菌をいう。英語つづりでは単数がcoccus、複数がcocciとなる。球菌は、球状細胞の配列によって次のように分けられる。単球菌monococci=球状細胞が単独で存在する菌。双球菌diplococci=通常、2個の球状細菌が連なる菌。四連球菌tetracocci=4個の球状細胞が平面的に四方に配列する菌。八連球菌sarcina=8個の球状細胞が立方体状に配列する菌。連鎖球菌streptococci=球状細胞が連鎖状に配列する菌。ブドウ球菌staphylococci=球状細胞がブドウ果のように集団状となる菌などがおもなものである。また、単球菌、双球菌、四連球菌などは、通常、小形であるために小球菌micrococciとよばれることがある。 細菌類の属には、サルシナSarcina、ストレプトコックスStreptococcus、スタフィロコックスStaphylococcusのように、形状を表す用語をそのまま属名としているものもあれば、メタンを生産する球菌をメタノコックスMethanococcus、粘液を出す球菌をミクソコックスMyxococcusというように、後尾に-coccusをつけて形状を表すものもある。 [曽根田正己] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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