It is a finishing method for woven or knitted fabrics, in which the organized fibers are raised on the surface or both sides to make the fabric thicker, softer to the touch, and sometimes to increase its heat retention. In terms of the weaving process, it is normal to use loosely twisted weft threads, weave the fabric so that more of the weft threads are exposed on the surface, and then the fabric is made to nap. In the past, thistle berries (also called teasels) were used to raise the nap, and the surface of the fabric was rubbed repeatedly with their thorns to raise the nap. In Japan, cotton fabrics such as Monpa, which were actively woven in Kishu (Wakayama Prefecture) in the late Edo period, were raised by rubbing a bundle of pine needles or sewing needles against the surface of the fabric. In modern times, raising machines have come to be used, including thistle raising machines, which have thistle seeds fitted into a drum, wire raising machines, which use wires for raising, and nylon brush raising machines. There are two types of raising process: dry raising and wet raising. The wet method has a better raising effect than the dry method, and is used for flannel and woolen fabrics, but the appropriate method is used for each purpose. [Kadoyama Yukihiro] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
織物、あるいはメリヤスの仕上げ方法の一つで、その表面または両面に、組織された繊維をかき出して毛羽を起こし、生地を厚くするとともに、触感を柔らかくし、ときには保温力を増加させる方法。織物組織からみると、緯糸(よこいと)に甘撚(あまよ)りの糸を使い、表面に緯糸を多く出すように織ったのち、毛羽立ちさせるのが普通である。起毛するには、古くはアザミの実(チーゼルともいう)を使い、その刺(とげ)先で織物の表面を何回もこすって毛羽を立てた。 わが国でも、江戸後期に紀州(和歌山県)で盛んに織られた紋羽(もんぱ)などの綿織物を毛羽立てさせるために、松葉や縫い針を束ねて織物の表面をこすり、起毛する方法がみられた。近代に入って起毛機械は、アザミの実をドラムにはめ込んだあざみ起毛機と、起毛用針金を使った針金起毛機、ナイロンブラシ起毛機などを使っている。そして起毛工程には、乾燥起毛と湿潤起毛の2通りがあるが、湿式は乾式に比して起毛効果がよく、ネルや紡毛織物などに用いられるが、それぞれ目的に応じた適当な方法が使われる。 [角山幸洋] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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