Kanto Onkuji - Kanto Onkuji

Although it is sometimes used synonymously with the service obligations that the vassals of the Kamakura Shogunate owed to their chief (the Kamakura Shogun), i.e., the duties of the vassals in general, it is often used to refer to economic obligations, excluding military service. These obligations included the use of the Kamakura Imperial Palace, repairs to the Imperial Palace and temples and shrines, the use of the firewood shed, the duty of repairing the embankments of the Kamo River in Kyoto, and miscellaneous duties for post offices, as well as other regular and temporary miscellaneous taxes that were a combination of public duties imposed by the Imperial Court and military duties imposed by the Shogunate itself, and were paid in cash as a rule, and were administered by the Shogunate's Mandokoro. The tax was levied according to the number of public fields in the domain, and the lord's family and illegitimate children shared the burden. However, no such examples can be found in the early days of the shogunate, and the Kanto public affairs system was institutionalized after the Jōkyū War, and it is believed that it was not until the Kangen era (1243-1247) that it was legally completed.

[Takao Sugihashi]

"Yasuda Motohisa, 'Thoughts on Kanto Gokuji'" (included in 'Research on the Gokenin System' edited by the Gokenin System Research Group, 1981, Yoshikawa Kobunkan)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

鎌倉幕府の御家人(ごけにん)が首長（鎌倉殿(かまくらどの)）に対して負う奉公義務、すなわち御家人役全般と同義に用いる場合もあるが、とくには、それから軍役を除外し、経済的義務に限定していう。その内容は、鎌倉御所用途、内裏(だいり)・寺社などの修造費、篝屋(かがりや)用途、防鴨河堤役(ぼうかもがわつつみやく)（京都鴨河の堤防を修築する役）、駅家雑事(うまやぞうじ)以下、朝廷の課す公役と幕府が独自に課す武家役双方の系統を引く恒例・臨時の雑税で、銭納を原則とし、幕府政所(まんどころ)で統轄された。賦課の形式は、所領内の公事田数に応じて御家人単位にあてがわれ、惣領(そうりょう)の支配のもと一族、庶子(しょし)が分担した。もっともこうした事例を幕府草創期に確認することはできず、関東御公事の制は承久(じょうきゅう)の乱後に制度化され、さらに寛元(かんげん)年間（1243～47）を待ち、法的にも完成されたと考えられる。

［杉橋隆夫］

『安田元久著「『関東御公事』考」（御家人制研究会編『御家人制の研究』所収・1981・吉川弘文館）』

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