Lemur - Fox-faced lemur

Japanese: キツネザル - きつねざる(英語表記)lemur
Lemur - Fox-faced lemur

A general term for animals belonging to the order Primates of the class Mammalia, family Lemuridae. In a broader sense, it refers to the entire Lemurioidea, including the family Lemuridae and the family Indriidae, or to all of the infraorder Lemuria, including the superfamily Lemurioidea and the superfamily Aye-aye. In a narrower sense, it refers to only the species in the subfamily Lemuridae, or the genus Lemur. Here, we will explain the range below the family Lemuridae. Prosimians of the family Lemuridae are found on the island of Madagascar and the surrounding small islands, as well as the Comoros Islands. They are divided into two subfamilies, the Lemurinae and the Cheirogaleinae; the former includes three genera, namely the genus Lemur (which includes the macaque, mongoose and ring-tailed lemurs), the genus Hapalemur and the genus Lepilemur , while the latter includes three genera, namely the genus Cheirogaleus , the genus Phaner and the genus Microcebus . The smallest are about the size of a small mouse, while the larger species are about the size of a medium-sized dog. They have a prominent muzzle, a hairless and moist nose and large ears. They have a long, bushy tail and prehensile limbs. The second digit of the hind paw has a hook, but all other digits are flat. Most species have a dentition of

The lemur has 36 teeth, while the ferret lemur has only 32, lacking the upper incisors. Lemurinae tend to be diurnal, while the pygmy lemurs are nocturnal. Additionally, many nocturnal species are solitary, while diurnal species form family groups or groups of 20 or more individuals, including multiple males and females. Many species mark their territory by smearing urine, feces, or secretions from the sebaceous glands on tree branches. They have one to three pairs of nipples, and the number of offspring per litter varies from one to two or three. Diet varies from species to species, with omnivores generally, but some species have a strong tendency to be folivorous or fruit-eating.

[Shigeo Uehara]

Major types of monkeys (prosimians) [specimen drawings]
©Kimura Shuji ">

Major types of monkeys (prosimians) [specimen drawings]

Ring-tailed Lemur
Distributed in the western and southern parts of Madagascar. The back of the body is gray and the belly is white. There is a ring pattern on the tail. It lives in groups in dry forests and sparse forests, and feeds mainly on fruit and leaves. Head and body length is about 45 cm, tail length is about 60 cm, and weight is 2.3 to 3.5 kg. ©Shogakukan ">

Ring-tailed Lemur


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

哺乳(ほにゅう)綱霊長目キツネザル科に属する動物の総称。また、より広義にはキツネザル科とインドリ科を含むキツネザル上科全体、またはキツネザル上科にアイアイ上科を加えたキツネザル下目のすべてをさす。さらにまた、狭義にはキツネザル科のなかでとくにキツネザル亜科、あるいはキツネザル属に含まれる種のみをさす。ここではキツネザル科以下の範囲で解説する。キツネザル科Lemuridaeの原猿は、マダガスカル島とその周囲の小島、およびコモロ諸島に分布する。キツネザル亜科Lemurinaeとコビトキツネザル亜科Cheirogaleinaeに二分され、前者はキツネザル属Lemur(マカコキツネザル、マングースキツネザル、ワオキツネザルなどのグループ)、ジェントルキツネザル属Hapalemur、イタチキツネザル属Lepilemurの3属を、後者はコビトキツネザル属Cheirogaleus、フォークキツネザル属Phaner、ネズミキツネザル属Microcebusの3属を含む。小さいものは小形のネズミぐらいで、大形の種は中形のイヌほどの大きさがある。鼻口部は突出し、鼻は無毛で湿っており、耳介は大きい。ふさふさした長い尾をもち、四肢には把握力がある。後肢第2指には鉤(かぎ)づめがあるが、ほかの指はすべて平づめをもつ。大部分の種は歯式は

で歯数は36本であるが、イタチキツネザルは上顎(じょうがく)門歯を欠き32本しかない。キツネザル亜科は昼行性の傾向が強く、コビトキツネザル亜科は夜行性である。また、夜行性の種には単独生活者が多く、昼行性の仲間には、家族的な群れや、複数の雄と雌を含む20頭以上の群れをつくるものがある。多くの種が、尿や糞(ふん)、あるいは皮脂腺(ひしせん)からの分泌物を木の枝などに塗り付けて、縄張りの維持と結び付いたマーキング行動を示す。乳首は1~3対で、1産の子数は1頭ないし2、3頭と幅がある。食性は一般に雑食であるが、葉食性や果実食性の傾向の強いものもあり、種ごとに異なる。

[上原重男]

サルのおもな種類(原猿類)〔標本画〕
©木村しゅうじ">

サルのおもな種類(原猿類)〔標本画〕

ワオキツネザル
マダガスカル島の西部・南部に分布。体毛は背面が灰色で腹部は白色。尾に輪模様がある。乾燥林や疎開林に群れをなしてすみ、果実や木の葉を主食とする。頭胴長約45cm、尾長約60cm、体重2.3~3.5kg©Shogakukan">

ワオキツネザル


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