After the Austro-Prussian War (June-August 1866), the Confederation was formed in 1867 by Prussia and 22 German states north of the Main River, excluding Austria and the South German states. Prussia had already formed an alliance with the northern and central German states in August 1866 and had promised to establish a common constitution, but when the previous German Confederation was dissolved by the Treaty of Prague, Prussia led the allied states in launching a new Confederation in July 1867. According to the federal constitution, the King of Prussia held military and diplomatic powers as the head of the Confederation, and the Federal Chancellor he appointed was responsible only to the head. The Federal Council, the central body, was made up of representatives from each state, and Prussia held an overwhelming number of votes and had great powers, including legislative power, while the power of the Federal Parliament, which was based on universal suffrage, was limited. The Confederation was not a union of states, but it was not a completely unified state either, and in 1870-71, it was succeeded by the German Empire, including the South German states. [Toshio Matsu] "History of Modern German Constitutions" by Akira Yamada (1963, University of Tokyo Press) Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
プロイセン・オーストリア戦争(1866年6~8月)後、1867年、プロイセンを中心に、オーストリアと南ドイツ諸邦を除くマイン川以北の22のドイツ諸邦によって組織された連邦。プロイセンは、すでに66年8月、北部、中部のドイツ諸邦と同盟を結び、共通の憲法の制定を約束していたが、プラハ条約によって従来のドイツ連邦が解体されると、同盟諸邦を指導して67年7月、新連邦を発足させた。連邦憲法によれば、プロイセン王が連邦首長として軍事、外交権を握り、彼の任命する連邦宰相が首長に対してのみ責任を負うものとされた。中枢機関としての連邦参議院は、各邦の代表からなり、プロイセンが圧倒的な票数を握って立法権など強大な権限を有していたのに対し、普通選挙に基づく連邦議会の権限は制約されていた。連邦は国家の連合ではなかったが、完全な統一国家でもなく、70~71年、南ドイツ諸邦をも加えてドイツ帝国へ受け継がれた。 [松 俊夫] 『山田晟著『ドイツ近代憲法史』(1963・東京大学出版会)』 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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