Atman - Artman (English spelling) Ātman

Japanese: アートマン - あーとまん(英語表記)Ātman
Atman - Artman (English spelling) Ātman

A term in Indian philosophy indicating the "essence of an individual". It is translated as "I". There are various theories about its original meaning, but in literature after the Rig-Veda, it gradually took on philosophical significance, and through the Brahmanas, it gained a position as a word indicating a universal supreme reality that unifies individuals, transcending spiritual principles such as life force (prana), mind (manas), and speech (bhācū). In the Upanishads, the identity of Atman with Brahman, the supreme principle of the universe, was preached, and the idea of ​​the oneness of Brahman and Atman was advocated. Since then, Atman has been considered in various ways by various schools of Indian philosophy, with the Nyāya and Vaisheshika schools paying attention to the proof of its existence, and the Vedanta school inheriting the Upanishads and emphasizing the idea of ​​the oneness of Brahman and Atman. Buddhism advocates the theory of non-self.

[Teruyoshi Matsumoto]

[Reference] | Brahman

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

「個体の本質」を示すインド哲学の術語。「我(が)」と訳される。原義については諸説あって一定しないが、『リグ・ベーダ』以後の文献においてしだいに哲学的意義を帯びるようになり、ブラーフマナ文献を経て、生気(プラーナ)、意(マナス)、言葉(バーチュ)などの精神原理を超え、個体を統一する普遍的な最高実在を示す語としての位置を得た。ウパニシャッド文献において、宇宙の最高原理ブラフマンとの同一が説かれ、梵我一如(ぼんがいちにょ)思想が唱えられた。以後、アートマンは、インド哲学諸学派によって種々に考察され、ニヤーヤ学派、バイシェーシカ学派では、その実在性の論証に意を払い、ベーダーンタ学派では、ウパニシャッド思想を継承して梵我一如思想を強調した。仏教は、無我説を主張する。

[松本照敬]

[参照項目] | ブラフマン

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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