Elephantiasis

Japanese: 象皮病 - ぞうひびょう
Elephantiasis

A chronic skin disease in which the skin and subcutaneous tissue thicken due to lymphatic congestion, resulting in an elephant-like appearance. It occurs most frequently on the lower limbs, followed by the scrotum and labia majora. It can be divided into those that develop from heartworm disease (filariasis) and those that develop secondary to other diseases.

The disease caused by the mosquito-borne Wuchereria bancrofti is common in tropical and subtropical regions and is called Wuchereria difficile or tropical elephantiasis. In Japan, it was once endemic in Okinawa and southern Kyushu and was commonly called "kusa-furi", but it has now been eradicated. It can be contracted while traveling abroad. Wuchereria first appears as red swelling in the lower limbs and scrotum, accompanied by fever, headache, lower back pain, and joint pain. The symptoms improve within a few days, but repeated episodes progress to elephantiasis. When it occurs secondary to chronic ulcers, chronic inflammatory diseases, recurrent erysipelas, tumors, and lymph node removal, without being caused by Wuchereria difficile, it is called secondary elephantiasis. In this case, too, it is caused by lymphatic congestion, just like Wuchereria difficile.

In treatment, it is important to address the underlying disease, and plastic surgery may be performed as a symptomatic treatment for areas of thickened skin.

[Masakatsu Izaki and Seiichi Izaki]

[Reference] | Heartworms | Filariasis

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

リンパ液のうっ滞のために皮膚および皮下組織が厚くなってゾウの皮膚のような状態を呈する慢性の皮膚病。おもに下肢に好発し、ついで陰嚢(いんのう)、大陰唇に多い。糸状虫症(フィラリア症)から移行するものと、その他の疾患に続発するものとに分けられる。

 カによって媒介されるバンクロフト糸状虫が原因となるものは、熱帯および亜熱帯地方に多く、糸状虫性象皮病あるいは熱帯性象皮病とよばれる。日本ではかつて沖縄、九州南部に地方病的にみられ、俗に「くさふるい」とよばれていたが、現在は根絶されている。海外旅行中に感染することがある。糸状虫症は、まず下肢や陰嚢に発赤腫脹(しゅちょう)(赤く腫(は)れる)として現れ、同時に発熱、頭痛、腰痛、関節痛などを伴う。この症状は数日で軽快するが、反復して発症するうちに象皮病に移行する。糸状虫によらないで、慢性潰瘍(かいよう)、慢性炎症性疾患、再発性丹毒、腫瘍(しゅよう)およびリンパ節摘出などに続発しておこるものは、続発性象皮病とよばれる。この場合も、糸状虫症と同様にリンパ液のうっ滞による。

 治療としては、原因疾患に対する処置がたいせつであり、皮膚の肥厚部には対症療法的に形成手術が行われることもある。

[伊崎正勝・伊崎誠一]

[参照項目] | 糸状虫 | フィラリア症

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