When three fundamental vectors a , b , and c are not on the same plane, the position vector is A parallelepiped is formed by connecting the points determined by the eight combinations where n1 , n2 , and n3 are either 0 or 1. This is called a unit cell, and the six quantities a , b , and c , the lengths (periods) of the base vectors, and the angles (axial angles) between them, α = ∠( b , c ), β = ∠( b , a ), and γ = ∠( a , c ), are called lattice constants. The unit cell is the basic unit of crystal structure, and the entire crystal structure is expressed by the translation (parallel movement) of the direction along the base vectors (crystal axes). a , b , and c are the basic periods of the crystal lattice. Crystal systems are classified into seven types based on the relationship between these lattice constants. In 1850, Bravais classified the space lattices corresponding to these crystal systems into 14 types ( ).[Shinmyo Iwamoto, August 19, 2015] [Reference] | | | | | | | | | | | |©Shogakukan "> Crystal system and Bravais lattice (figure) Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
同一平面上にない3本の基本ベクトルa、b、cをとるとき、位置ベクトルは、 n1、n2、n3が0か1となる8種の組合せによって定まる点を結ぶと平行六面体ができる。これを単位格子または単位胞unit cellとよび、基本ベクトルの長さ(周期)a、b、cおよびそれらの間でつくる角(軸角)α=∠(b, c)、β=∠(b, a)、γ=∠(a, c)の6種の量を格子定数lattice constantという。単位格子は結晶構造の基本単位であり、基本ベクトルに沿った方向(結晶軸)の並進(平行移動)によって結晶構造全体が示される。a、b、cは結晶格子の基本周期である。これらの格子定数の間に成立する関係によって、7種の結晶系に分類される。1850年ブラベは、これらの結晶系に対応する空間格子を14種に分類した( )。[岩本振武 2015年8月19日] [参照項目] | | | | | | | | | | | |©Shogakukan"> 結晶系とブラベ格子〔図〕 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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