A fuse that automatically ignites when the anti-aircraft shell approaches within effective range of the target and the reflected waves from the target reach a certain level, using radio waves from a transmitter built into the shell. It is also called a VT fuse. It was jointly developed by the UK and the USA in the early days of World War II. It was first used as an anti-aircraft weapon in January 1943, when it was fired from the USS Helena. It was first used against ground forces in the Battle of the Ardennes in 1944. It was effectively used as a ship-based anti-aircraft weapon in the later stages of World War II, and was effective against Japanese planes attacking American ships in the Pacific. In modern times, it is also built into machine gun shells. Structurally, electricity is generated by an electrolyte when the shell is fired, and radio waves are emitted from the tip of the shell, causing it to explode about 10 meters away from the target. It also explodes on direct hits. (→Anti-aircraft weapons) Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
対空弾に組み込まれた発信器からの電波を利用して,対空弾が目標の有効距離内に近接し,目標からの反射波が一定状態になると自動的に発火する信管。VT信管とも呼ばれる。第2次世界大戦初期にイギリスとアメリカ合衆国により共同開発された。1943年1月アメリカ巡洋艦『ヘレナ』から発射され,初めて対空火器として使われた。1944年アルデンヌの戦いで,地上部隊に対して初めて使用された。第2次世界大戦後期には艦載対空火器として効果的に使用され,太平洋上のアメリカ艦を攻撃する日本の飛行機に対して有効だった。現代では,機関砲弾にも組み込まれている。構造的には,発射の衝撃で電解液によって電気が発生し,弾丸の先端から電波を発信,目標から 10m程度の距離で爆発するというもの。また直撃でも爆発する。(→対空火器)
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