Masashi Kikuchi

Japanese: 菊池正士 - きくちせいし
Masashi Kikuchi

Experimental physicist. Born in Tokyo to mathematician Kikuchi Dairoku. Graduated from Tokyo Imperial University in 1926 (Taisho 15) and joined the RIKEN (Nishikawa Shoji Laboratory). He immediately began electron diffraction experiments using mica foil, and obtained diffraction images (Kikuchi lines, Kikuchi belts, etc.) that demonstrated the wave nature of electrons (1928). From 1929 (Showa 4), he studied in Germany for two years, learning the theory of quantum mechanics under Born and Heisenberg. After returning to Japan, he became a professor at the newly established Osaka Imperial University (President Nagaoka Hantaro), where he built a Cockcroft-Walton high-voltage device and a cyclotron accelerator for atomic nuclear experiments. During World War II, he worked on radar development for the Navy. After the war, in 1950 (Showa 25), he was invited by Bethe to continue atomic nuclear experiments at Cornell University and other institutions. After returning to Japan, he rebuilt the cyclotron at Osaka University in 1952, became the first director of the Institute for Nuclear Studies at the University of Tokyo in 1955, served as a member of the Atomic Energy Commission in 1958, chairman of the Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute (now the Japan Atomic Energy Agency) from 1959 to 1964, and president of Tokyo University of Science from 1960.

[Takenobu Kobayashi]

[References] | Accelerator | Dairoku Kikuchi | Nucleus | Electron diffraction | Masaharu Nishikawa | Heisenberg | Bethe | Born

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

実験物理学者。数学者菊池大麓(だいろく)を父に東京に生まれる。1926年(大正15)東京帝国大学を卒業し、理化学研究所(西川正治(しょうじ)研究室)に入った。ただちに雲母箔(うんもはく)を用いた電子線の回折実験にとりかかり、電子の波動性を実証する回折像(菊池線、菊池帯など)を得た(1928)。1929年(昭和4)から2年間ドイツに留学し、ボルン、ハイゼンベルクのもとで量子力学の理論を学んだ。帰国後、新設された大阪帝国大学(長岡半太郎総長)の教授となり、原子核実験を行うためのコッククロフト‐ウォルトン式高電圧装置、サイクロトロン加速器を建設した。第二次世界大戦中は、海軍でレーダーの開発に従事した。戦後、1950年(昭和25)にベーテの招きでコーネル大学などで原子核実験を続けた。帰国後、1952年大阪大学にサイクロトロンを再建し、1955年東京大学原子核研究所の初代所長、1958年原子力委員会委員、1959年から1964年日本原子力研究所(現、日本原子力研究開発機構)理事長、1960年から東京理科大学学長などを歴任した。

[小林武信]

[参照項目] | 加速器 | 菊池大麓 | 原子核 | 電子線回折 | 西川正治 | ハイゼンベルク | ベーテ | ボルン

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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