Parish register - Kyokubosatsu

Japanese: 教区簿冊 - きょうくぼさつ
Parish register - Kyokubosatsu

…The ancient village community meetings, where the Anglo-Saxons were pagans, were transformed into medieval parish assemblies, and from the early modern period onwards, the parish, which was a church organization, came to be used as the smallest unit of local administration. For example, Henry VIII had births (baptism), marriages (holy marriage), and deaths (funerals) recorded in parish registers, and had the parishes handle matters related to family registers, and Elizabeth I, in implementing the Poor Law, ordered the appointment of church commissioners as social commissioners as defined by the Poor Law, and used the parishes as the agents of social policy. This was possible because the Church of England was the national church, and the church and the state were organizationally united. …

From [Historical Demography]

…After World War II, it developed rapidly in France and the UK, and has since been making steady progress in the US, Germany, Japan, and other countries. Modern population statistics were not established until the 19th century in Europe, but historical demography has been able to perform accurate population analysis even in the pre-statistical era by using parish registers as basic historical materials. Parish registers are ancient records in which parish priests record the baptisms, marriages, and burials of their parishioners on a chronological basis, and can be considered the predecessor of today's family registers. …

*Some of the terminology that refers to "parish registers" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…アングロ・サクソン人が異教徒であった古代の村落共同体の集会は,中世の教区の教区総会に転換されていき,近世以降,教会組織である教区が,地方行政の最小単位として利用されることとなった。例えば,ヘンリー8世は,出生(聖洗式),結婚(聖婚式),死亡(葬送式)を教区簿冊parish registerに記録させ,戸籍関係の業務を教区に行わせたし,エリザベス1世は,救貧法の施行に当たって,教会委員を役職上救貧法の定める民生委員に任命するように命じ,社会政策の担当者として教区を利用したのである。このようなことが可能であったのは,英国国教会が国教会であって,教会と国家とが組織的に一致していたからである。…

【歴史人口学】より

…第2次世界大戦後,フランスとイギリスを中心に急速な発展を遂げ,その後,アメリカ,ドイツ,日本などでも,着実な成果を挙げつつある。 近代的な人口統計が整備されるようになるのはヨーロッパでも19世紀に入ってからであるが,歴史人口学は,前統計時代についても,〈教区簿冊parish register〉を基本史料として用いることにより,精度の高い人口動態の分析を行うことに成功した。教区簿冊とは,教区の司祭が,教区民の洗礼,婚姻,埋葬を日を追って記載した古記録であり,今日の戸籍簿の前身ともいうべきものである。…

※「教区簿冊」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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