A materialist position that seeks to explain phenomena related to human consciousness by mechanical laws in the same way as physical natural phenomena. In ancient Greece, it was represented by Democritus, but after the 17th century, when natural science developed rapidly, Descartes' dualism and Spinoza's materialism fell into the realm of mechanical materialism. In the 19th century, Darwin's theory of evolution was adopted, and in the 20th century, Marxists who took this position (I. Stepanov, L. Axelrod, etc.) appeared, limiting law to mechanical causality and arguing that philosophy will be resolved in the development of natural science. They attempted to revise Marxism's dialectical materialist position by replacing the basic dialectical concept of "unity of opposites" with "balance of opposing forces." Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
人間の意識の関係する現象を,物理的自然現象と同じように力学的法則によって説明しようとする唯物論の1つの立場。古代ギリシアではデモクリトスに代表されるが,自然科学が急速に発達した 17世紀以後になるとデカルトの二元論,スピノザの唯物論などが機械的唯物論の範囲に入る。 19世紀になるとダーウィンの進化論を取入れ,20世紀になってからマルクス主義者のなかにこの立場をとる者 (I.ステパーノフ,L.アクセルロードら) が現れ,法則性を機械的因果律に限定し,哲学は自然科学の発展のなかに解消されると主張した。「対立物の統一」という弁証法の基本的概念を「対立する力の均衡」によって置き換え,弁証法的唯物論の立場に立つマルクス主義の修正を試みた。
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