Kyumenden - Kyumenden

…The land was either cultivated by the owner himself using his servants or by ordinary farmers. In recent years, attention has been drawn to the fact that, from the mid-11th century onwards, groups of skilled craftsmen such as kugonin (officers) and kusainin (officers) were given land for free in provincial government territories, manors, and mikuriya (kitchens), and that they were organized into various powerful families through these land, and while they offered their non-agricultural skills, they were guaranteed the privilege of free passage between provinces. [Ota Junzo]…

*Some of the terminology that refers to "Gyumen-den" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…給田は給主自身が下人･所従を使って耕作する場合と，一般農民に請作させる場合とがあった。近年，11世紀半ば以降に供御人（くごにん）･供祭人などの技術的な職能をもつ職人集団が国衙領や荘園･御厨（みくりや）などに給免田を与えられ，この給免田を媒介にして諸権門に組織され，非農業的な技能を奉仕する反面で諸国を自由往来する自由通行の特権を保証されるというあり方が注目されつつある。【太田 順三】。…

※「給免田」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報