Originally it meant the exchange rate of the currencies of two countries, but under the International Monetary Fund (IMF) system after World War II, it often refers to the IMF parity. In other words, IMF member countries were obligated to set a parity for the value of their own currency expressed in gold or the US dollar at 1 ounce of gold = 35 dollars, and to maintain the exchange rate within 1% above or below this parity. The yen's parity was initially 1 dollar = 360 yen, but was rounded up to 308 yen at the end of 1971 (Showa 46). After the transition to a floating exchange rate system, this concept was no longer used. [Tsuchiya Rokuro] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
本来は2国間の通貨の交換比率のことであるが、第二次世界大戦後の国際通貨基金(IMF)制度のもとでは、IMF平価をさす場合が多い。すなわち、IMF加盟国は自国通貨の価値を金または金1オンス=35ドルの米ドルで表示した平価を設定し、為替相場をこの平価の上下各1%以内に維持することを義務づけられていた。円の平価は当初1ドル=360円であったが、1971年(昭和46)末に308円へ切り上げられた。その後、変動為替相場制へ移行してから、この概念は使用されなくなった。 [土屋六郎] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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