In China during the Ming and Qing dynasties, this term refers to the transport of grain or substitutes collected as land tax in local areas to the national capital of Beijing or other designated locations, as well as the transported goods themselves. In contrast, the retention of an amount of grain or substitutes necessary for local administration from the tax, as well as the goods themselves, was called 'sunliyu'. In the Ming dynasty, the term 'sunliyu' was broadly divided into three types according to the destination: to the capital treasury or storehouse in Beijing, to Nanjing, and to warehouses in the northern region or other regions. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
中国,明・清時代,地方で土地税として徴収された穀物あるいはその代替物を国都北京およびその他の指定地へ輸送すること,また輸送される物自体を指す。これに対して,税の中から地方行政に必要な額の穀物あるいは代替物を留めおくこと,またその物自体を存留(そんりゆう)と呼んだ。明代について,起運をその目的地によって大別すると,北京の京庫・京倉へ送る場合,南京に送る場合,北辺およびその他の地方の倉庫へ送る場合の3種に分けられる。
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