Kanmon Tunnel

Japanese: 関門トンネル - かんもんとんねる
Kanmon Tunnel

A railway and national highway tunnel that runs under the sea of ​​the Kanmon Straits, which separates Honshu and Kyushu.

[Hiroshi Fujii]

Kanmon Tunnel

This undersea railway tunnel runs between Shimonoseki and Moji on the Sanyo Main Line, and consists of two single-track tunnels (inner diameter 7 meters), with the up line extending 3,605 meters and the down line extending 3,614 meters. Of these, 1,140 meters is undersea. Construction of the down line began in 1936 (Showa 11) and opened in 1942. Construction of the up line began in 1940 and opened in 1944. As it is Japan's first undersea tunnel, which runs through the seabed between Hikoshima in Shimonoseki and Komorie in what was then Moji City, underwater tunnel technology from Europe and the United States was used as reference, and the technical experience gained from the construction of the Tanna Tunnel was utilized in the construction. Shield construction, caisson construction, and compressed air construction methods were used in the construction of tunnels in areas with weak geology.

After the Kanmon Tunnel was opened, the Kanmon National Highway Tunnel and the New Kanmon Tunnel for the Tokaido-Sanyo Shinkansen were constructed.

[Hiroshi Fujii]

New Kanmon Tunnel

This 18,713m double-track railway tunnel runs between Shin-Shimonoseki and Kokura on the Tokaido-Sanyo Shinkansen line. Construction began in 1971 and it opened in 1975. It passes under the seabed of Hayatomonoseki, the narrowest part of the Kanmon Strait, and to shorten the construction period, a construction inclined shaft was set up in the middle and the tunnel was divided into seven sections. The tunnel's geology is made up of granite, slate, sandstone, etc., and taking into account construction experience gained from the Sanyo Main Line Kanmon Tunnel and the Kanmon National Highway Tunnel, a bottom-set pilot tunnel advanced upper half-section excavation method was used. The tunnel has a cone-shaped gradient of 18‰ (per mille) and 7‰.

[Hiroshi Fujii]

Kanmon National Highway Tunnel

This 3,461.4 meter long road tunnel runs from near Mukuno in Shimonoseki to near Kojoyama in Kitakyushu. The tunnel is 7.5 meters wide with two lanes. The inside is divided into three sections, the upper section has an exhaust duct, the middle section has a roadway, and the lower section has an air supply duct and a general pedestrian walkway. Construction began in 1939, and after a period of suspension during and after World War II, it was opened in 1958. As this tunnel is long for an automobile tunnel, particular attention has been paid to the ventilation facilities for automobile exhaust gases. The tunnel is located through Hayatomonoseto, almost in the same position as the Shinkanmon Tunnel on the Tokaido-Sanyo Shinkansen.

[Hiroshi Fujii]

[Reference] | Kanmon Strait | Hayatomonoseto

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

本州と九州を隔てる関門海峡の海底を貫く、鉄道と国道のトンネル。

[藤井 浩]

関門トンネル

山陽本線下関(しものせき)―門司(もじ)間の海底鉄道トンネルで、上り線延長3605メートル、下り線延長3614メートルの単線トンネル2本(内径7メートル)からなっている。このうち海底部分は1140メートル。下り線は1936年(昭和11)着工、1942年開通。上り線は1940年着工、1944年開通している。下関彦島(ひこしま)と当時の門司市小森江間の海底を貫通する日本最初の海底トンネルのため、欧米の水底トンネル技術を参考とし、丹那(たんな)トンネル工事で得られた技術経験が工事に活用された。地質軟弱箇所のトンネル工事には、シールド工法、潜函(せんかん)工法、圧気工法が採用されている。

 関門トンネルが開通した後、関門国道トンネル、東海道・山陽新幹線の新関門トンネルが建設された。

[藤井 浩]

新関門トンネル

東海道・山陽新幹線新下関―小倉(こくら)間の長さ1万8713メートルの複線鉄道トンネル。1971年(昭和46)着工、1975年開通。関門海峡の最狭部の早鞆(はやとも)ノ瀬戸の海底下を通過しており、工期を短縮するため中間部に工事用斜坑を設け、7工区に分割施工している。トンネルの地質は花崗(かこう)岩、粘板岩、砂岩などで、山陽本線関門トンネル、関門国道トンネルなどの施工経験が加味され、底設導坑先進上部半断面掘削工法が採用されている。トンネル勾配(こうばい)は18‰(パーミル)と7‰のすり鉢型となっている。

[藤井 浩]

関門国道トンネル

下関市椋野(むくの)付近から北九州市古城(こじょう)山付近に至る延長3461.4メートルの道路トンネル。トンネル断面は幅員7.5メートル2車線。内部は上段、中段、下段の3段に分かれ、上段は排気ダクト、中段は自動車道、下段は送気ダクトと一般歩行者道がある。1939年(昭和14)着工し、第二次世界大戦時および戦後の中断期間を経て、1958年開通している。このトンネルは自動車トンネルとしては延長が長いため、とくに自動車排気ガスの換気施設に留意されている。トンネルの位置は早鞆ノ瀬戸を通過しており、東海道・山陽新幹線の新関門トンネルとほぼ同位置。

[藤井 浩]

[参照項目] | 関門海峡 | 早鞆ノ瀬戸

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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