Indictment - Kisojo

Japanese: 起訴状 - きそじょう

A formal document prepared by a public prosecutor when instituting prosecution, and submitted to the court. (1) Since the initiation of prosecution is a major procedural act that creates a pending case, formal certainty is particularly strongly required, and it is required to be done by submitting an indictment (Criminal Procedure Law, Article 256, Paragraph 1). The indictment must contain sufficient information to identify the defendant, such as the name of the defendant, and the facts of the indictment (charges) that specify the date, time, place, and method of the crime to clarify the subject of the trial, and the name of the crime (penal provisions) (Criminal Procedure Law, Paragraphs 2 and following). When a prosecution is instituted, a certified copy of the indictment is delivered by the court to the defendant. (2) Single indictment principle This refers to the principle under the Criminal Procedure Law that the indictment submitted by the public prosecutor to the court when instituting prosecution must not include or cite documents or evidence that may cause the judge to have preconceived ideas (Criminal Procedure Law, Article 256, Paragraph 6). Under the old Criminal Procedure Code, various evidentiary documents collected during the investigation were submitted to the court as a single record along with the indictment. However, in order to thoroughly implement the principle of party-based justice, to demand a fair trial, and to eliminate prejudice, the old system was abolished, and a system was adopted in which the court, so to speak, begins a trial with a blank slate.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

検察官が公訴を提起するにあたって作成する要式の書面で，裁判所に提出される。 (1) 公訴の提起は，訴訟係属を生ぜしめる主要な訴訟行為であるから，形式的な確実性が特に強く要請され，必ず起訴状の提出をもってこれを行うことが要求されている (刑事訴訟法 256条1項) 。起訴状には，被告人の氏名などこれを特定するに足る事項，審判の対象を明確にするための犯行日時，場所，方法などが特定された公訴事実 (訴因) ，罪名 (罰条) の記載が必要とされる (同条2項以下) 。公訴の提起があったときには，起訴状の謄本が裁判所から被告人に対して送達される。 (2) 起訴状一本主義　検察官が公訴提起にあたって裁判所に提出する起訴状には，裁判官に予断をいだかせるような書類，証拠物を添付，引用してはならないという刑事訴訟法上の原則をいう (256条6項) 。旧刑訴法のもとでは，起訴状とともに捜査過程で収集された各種の証拠書類までも一件記録として裁判所に提出されていた。しかし，当事者主義の徹底と公平な裁判の要請，予断排除の原則から旧制度は廃止され，裁判所はいわば白紙の状態で公判にのぞむという制度が採用されたのである。

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