A type of religious drama from the Western Middle Ages. Originally, the term miracle referred to stories of miraculous salvation of humans by the Virgin Mary, but over time, it came to refer specifically to plays featuring miracle legends by Mary or saints, as distinguished from religious dramas in the narrow sense, such as mystical history plays or passion plays, which are based on the Bible. However, especially in England, miracle(s) are often used as a general term for religious dramas. The emphasis of the staging was on highlighting the contrast between human error and salvation through repentance, and on emphasizing the love of the Virgin Mary, which makes this dramatic change possible. Unlike mystical history plays, which were born from the liturgy, miracles were produced outside the church early on, as they represent the current secular society. Famous works include "The Miracle of Theophile" by Lutboeuf, a French playwright from the late 13th century, about a woman who sells her soul to the devil for pleasure, and "Jutta" by Dietrich Schellenberg, a German playwright from the late 15th century, about a woman who deceives the world, disguises herself as a man, and rises to the position of Pope, but gives birth to an illegitimate child and seeks salvation from the Virgin Mary from the horrors of hell. Also, Carl Formeller's "Miracle" at Olympia Hall in London in 1911, which pointed the way to modern times with its spectacular festive drama production by Max Reinhardt, is an example of the modernization of the Marian miracle play. [Kenji Ozaki] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
西洋中世の宗教劇の一種。もともとは聖母マリアによる人間の奇跡的救済の物語をさしてミラクルといったが、やがて、聖書に取材する聖史劇あるいは受難劇など狭義の宗教劇と区別して、マリアや聖人たちによる奇跡伝説を扱う劇をとくにさすようになった。ただし、とくにイギリスでは、宗教劇の総称としてミラクル(ズ)ということが多い。人間の過ちと悔悛(かいしゅん)による救いとの対照を際だたせ、その激烈な転換を可能にする、とくに聖母マリアの愛を強く打ち出すことに演出の力点が置かれた。典礼から生まれた聖史劇と違って、現在の世俗社会を表現するものであるから、早くから教会の外へ出ていた。悪魔に魂を売って享楽する、13世紀後半フランスのリュトブフ作『テオフィルの奇跡』や、世を欺いて男装し、法王にまでのし上がるが、不義の子を分娩(ぶんべん)し、地獄の恐怖からマリアに救いを求める、15世紀末ドイツのディートリヒ・シェルンベルク作『ユッタ(ユッテン)』が有名である。また、マックス・ラインハルトによる祝祭劇的スペクタクル演出で現代に一つの方向を示した1911年ロンドン、オリンピア・ホールでのカール・フォルメラー作『奇跡』は、マリア奇跡劇の現代化の一例である。 [尾崎賢治] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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