...A system in which the cabinet, which holds the executive power, requires the confidence of parliament (or one of its houses) to remain in office. When classifying the governing systems established by modern constitutions based on the structural relationship between the parliament and the executive, this system is distinguished from the other two, namely presidential systems and parliamentary systems, by the element of the executive's responsibility to parliament. In the American presidential system, the executive is independent without relying on the confidence of parliament, while in the parliamentary system explained as an example of the governing system of the Swiss Federal Government, the executive lacks responsibility to parliament in the opposite sense, and is structurally subordinate to parliament to the extent that it does not have the freedom to resign and must change its policies as requested by parliament (although despite such explanations, the Swiss federal government actually has a considerable degree of initiative over parliament). *Some of the terminology used to refer to "parliamentary government" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…行政権を担当する内閣が議会(またはその一院)の信任を在職の要件とする制度をいう。近代憲法の定める統治機構を,議会と行政府の構造上の関係に着目して分類する場合,この制度は,議会に対する行政府の責任という要素によって,他の二つ,すなわち,大統領制および議会統治制régime d’Assemblée(会議政)から区別される。アメリカ型の大統領制では,行政府は議会の信任に依存することなく自立しており,スイス連邦の統治機構を例として説明される議会統治制では,それと正反対の意味で行政府の対議会責任性が欠けていて,行政府は辞職の自由をもたないまでに構造上議会に従属し,議会の要求どおりに自分の政策を変えなければならないとされている(もっとも,そのような説明にもかかわらず,スイスの連邦政府は,実際には,議会に対してかなりの主導性をもっている)。… ※「議会統治制」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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