Kanto Torishimari Shutsuyaku (Kanto Regional Bureau of Investigation)

Japanese: 関東取締出役 - かんとうとりしまりしゅつやく
Kanto Torishimari Shutsuyaku (Kanto Regional Bureau of Investigation)

A job title in the shogunate during the late Edo period. Also called Hasshu Mawari. Established in 1805 (Bunka 2) with the purpose of strengthening public order in the Kanto region. Ten members were selected from among the Kanto magistrates' tezuki and tedai, and organized under the direct control of the financial magistrate. Eight of them formed pairs to exercise police powers in patrol villages, territories directly controlled by the shogunate, and private territories. In the second half of the 18th century, after the Tenmei famine, the devastation of the Kanto countryside and the differentiation of the peasant class led to the emergence of a wealthy farming class, while at the same time many farmers lost their land and fell into ruin. Many of them were called homeless or wandering people, and they gradually became a disturbing force. The Kanto Torishiyaku was established in response to this situation, and the Bunsei Reforms of 1827 (Bunsei 10) saw the establishment of kumiai villages (union villages), which further strengthened control and enforcement.

[Yasuhiko Mori]

[Reference] | Union Village

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

江戸後期の幕府の職名。八州廻(まわ)りともいう。1805年(文化2)関東地方の治安維持強化を目的として創設される。関東代官の手付(てづき)、手代(てだい)のなかから10名が選任され、勘定奉行(ぶぎょう)直属下に編成され、うち8名が2名1組となって廻村(かいそん)、幕府直轄領および私領にも警察権を行使した。18世紀の後半、天明(てんめい)の飢饉(ききん)以降、関東農村の荒廃、農民層の階層分化などにより、豪農層の出現とともに、一方では土地を手放して没落する農民も少なくなかった。彼らのなかには無宿や渡世人(とせいにん)とよばれ、遊民化する者も多く、しだいに不穏勢力となってきた。関東取締出役はこのような状況に対応するものとして設置され、1827年(文政10)の文政(ぶんせい)の改革により組合村(くみあいむら)を設置するなど、いっそう取締り支配の徹底化が図られた。

[森 安彦]

[参照項目] | 組合村

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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