1907‐1991 American neuroanatomist. After graduating from the University of Rhode Island, he went on to Syracuse University and then Northwestern University, where he obtained his doctorate (1934). He subsequently served as professor at the University of California, Los Angeles' Neurological Institute and at the University of California, Los Angeles, where he contributed to the establishment of the University's Brain Research Institute. In 1949, in collaboration with G. Murzzi, he discovered that in addition to the sensory pathways known up until then to exist in the thalamus (the specialized thalamic projection system), there was another sensory pathway (also called the widespread thalamic projection system, since it was a common pathway for each sense) that branched off from the previously known sensory pathways in the thalamus. He named this the "ascending reticular activating system" and demonstrated that it controls the level of arousal and activation in animals, and thus plays an important role in maintaining consciousness. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
1907‐1991 アメリカの神経解剖学者。ロード・アイランド州立大学を卒業後,シラキューズ大学を経て,ノースウェスタン大学で学位を取得(1934)。その後同大学神経学研究所教授,カリフォルニア大学ロサンゼルス校教授を歴任,同大学の脳研究所設立に寄与した。1949年,ムルッジG.Murzziと共同して,それまで知られていた視床に存在する感覚経路(特殊視床投射系)のほかに,その枝分れとして別の感覚経路(各感覚について共通の経路となっているので広範視床投射系ともいう)があることを発見,これを〈上行性網様体賦活系ascending reticular activating system〉と名づけ,それが動物の覚醒・喚起ないし活性化の水準をつかさどること,つまり意識を保持するうえに重要な役割をしていることを明らかにした。 出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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