Perfect Quadrilateral - Perfect Quadrilateral

Japanese: 完全四角形 - かんぜんしかくけい
Perfect Quadrilateral - Perfect Quadrilateral

A figure consisting of four points A, B, C, and D and six straight lines AB, BC, CD, DA, AC, and BD is called a perfect quadrilateral. These four points are called vertices, and the six straight lines are called sides. Also, pairs of sides that do not pass through the same vertex are called opposite sides: AB and CD, BC and AD, and AC and BD. When considering a perfect quadrilateral, it is common to think of the plane as a projective plane with a point at infinity added. Therefore, two straight lines always intersect, so if there is a quadrilateral, there will always be a perfect quadrilateral. A perfect quadrilateral is a fundamental figure in projective geometry, because the four points P, Q, X, and Y form a harmonic sequence. A figure consisting of four straight lines a, b, c, and d and six points ab, bc, cd, da, ac, and bd (ab represents the intersection of the two straight lines a and b) is called a perfect quadrilateral. It is the dual figure of a perfect quadrilateral.

[Tachibana Shunichi]

[Reference] | Harmonic sequence points
Perfect Quadrilateral
©Shogakukan ">

Perfect Quadrilateral

Perfect Quadrilateral
©Shogakukan ">

Perfect Quadrilateral


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

4点A、B、C、Dと6直線AB、BC、CD、DA、AC、BDとからなる図形を完全四角形という。これら4点を頂点、6直線を辺といい、また、同一の頂点を通らない辺の組ABとCD、BCとAD、ACとBDをそれぞれ対辺という。完全四角形を考えるときは、平面を、無限遠点を付加された射影平面と考えるのが普通である。したがって、2直線はつねに交わるから四角形があれば完全四角形がつねにできる。完全四角形は射影幾何学で基本的な役割を果たす図形であるが、その理由は、4点P、Q、X、Yが調和列点をなすことにある。4直線a、b、c、dと6点ab、bc、cd、da、ac、bd(abは2直線a、bの交点を表すとする)からなる図形を完全四辺形という。完全四角形の双対(そうつい)図形である。

[立花俊一]

[参照項目] | 調和列点
完全四角形
©Shogakukan">

完全四角形

完全四辺形
©Shogakukan">

完全四辺形


出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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