Beneficial insects - Ekichu

Japanese: 益虫 - えきちゅう
Beneficial insects - Ekichu

A term used to refer to insects that are directly or indirectly useful to humans, as opposed to pests. Depending on how they are used, they can be divided into useful and beneficial insects. Among the useful insects, those that use the insects themselves include dried bean tiger beetles for medicinal purposes such as cantharis, the larvae of locusts and Japanese hornets for food, and in Thailand, giant water bugs are eaten as a spice. In Taiwan and Brazil, beautiful insects such as butterfly wings and jewel beetles are used for decorative crafts. In addition, house flies and fruit flies are indispensable insects for academic research. Other insects that are commercially valuable include bell crickets and grasshoppers, whose chirps are enjoyable, and rhinoceros beetles and stag beetles, which are sold as children's pets. The products of silkworms (raw silk), honeybees (honey), lac scale insects (lacquer), and fusang and kusang (fish thread) are useful.

Beneficial insects are insects that are indirectly useful to humans, and ecologically, it is believed that many insects bring many benefits to humans without them even realizing it. Notable examples include pollinating insects such as bees and hoverflies, parasitic insects such as parasitic wasps and parasitic flies that are natural enemies of pest insects, predatory insects such as ladybugs that eat pest insects, and insects such as leaf beetles that eliminate weeds.

[Hiroshi Kurahashi]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

人間にとって直接または間接に役だつ昆虫の呼称で、害虫に対する語。利用方法により有用昆虫と有益昆虫に分けることができる。有用昆虫のうち、昆虫自体を利用するものに、マメハンミョウを乾燥した薬用のカンタリスをはじめ、イナゴやクロスズメバチ(ジバチ)の幼虫の食用があり、タイではタガメをスパイスとして食用としている。台湾やブラジルでは、チョウのはねやタマムシなど美しい昆虫が装飾用工芸品に利用されている。また、学術研究用にイエバエやショウジョウバエなどは欠かせない昆虫である。鳴き声を楽しむためのスズムシやキリギリス、子供の愛玩(あいがん)動物として販売もされているカブトムシやクワガタムシなども商品価値がある。カイコ(生糸)、ミツバチ(蜂蜜(はちみつ))、ラックカイガラムシ(ラッカー)、フウサンやクスサン(テグス)などは、その生産物が有用である。

 有益昆虫は、間接的に人間に役だつ昆虫のことで、生態学的には多くの昆虫が人間の気がつかないところで多くの益をもたらしているものと思われる。その顕著なものに、ハナバチ、ハナアブなどの花粉を媒介する昆虫があるほか、害虫の天敵となるヤドリバチやヤドリバエなどの寄生昆虫。害虫を食べるテントウムシなどの捕食昆虫。雑草を駆除するハムシなどの昆虫があげられる。

[倉橋 弘]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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