Treaty of Hanchō (Hanjō jōyaku)

Japanese: 漢城条約 - かんじょうじょうやく（英語表記）Hansǒng choyak

Also called the Treaty of Gyeongseong, this is a treaty between Japan and Korea in relation to the Gapsin Coup (→ Gyeongseong Incident) in December 1884 (the 21st year of the reign of King Gojong). In order to settle the situation after the Gapsin Coup, Japan dispatched Foreign Minister Inoue Kaoru as ambassador plenipotentiary, and had him negotiate with Korea's Minister of State for Foreign Affairs Kim Hong-jip, starting on January 7, 1889, the year after the incident. At first, the two sides were at odds and negotiations were difficult, but on January 9, the following main points were decided and the treaty was established. It consists of two separate articles, including (1) an apology from the Korean government to Japan, (2) payment of compensation to Japanese victims, (3) arrest and execution of those who killed Japanese soldiers, (4) Korea to cover the cost of rebuilding the Japanese legation, and (5) establishment of barracks for the legation garrison. It is well known that at this time the Korean side demanded the extradition of Kim Ok-gyun and others, and that Japan's Inoue Kakugoro was secretly behind the early establishment of the treaty (→Treaty of Tianjin).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

京城条約ともいう。高宗 21 (1884) 年 12月の甲申の変 (→京城事変 ) に関して日本と朝鮮間で取りかわされた条約。甲申の変の事態収拾のため日本は全権大使として外務卿井上馨を派遣し，事変の翌 22年1月7日から朝鮮の全権大臣金弘集と交渉させた。当初は双方の主張が平行線をたどり難航したが，1月9日大要以下の事項を決定して条約が成立した。 (1) 朝鮮政府の対日謝罪，(2) 日本人被害者への賠償金支払い，(3) 日本軍人を殺害した犯人の逮捕と処刑，(4) 朝鮮は日本公使館再建費用を負担する，(5) 公使館守備隊の営舎の設立などで，別条2条から構成されている。なおこのとき朝鮮側が金玉均らの引渡しを要求したこと，条約の早期成立の背後に日本の井上角五郎が暗躍したことはよく知られている (→天津条約 ) 。

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