Cancer Prison - Cancer Prison

...In addition, galley slavery and colonial exile, which expanded while reducing the use of capital punishment from around the 16th century, declined in the 18th century with the appearance of large sailing ships and the independence of colonies, which encouraged the construction of abandoned ships for prisoners and domestic detention facilities. With a few exceptions, such as the San Michele Reformatory built by Clement XI in 1703 and the Gan Prison established in 1773, these facilities were generally unsanitary and some of them involved cruel treatment, and were full of abuses, which sparked a reform movement led by J. Howard and others. At the end of the 18th century, J. Bentham proposed the Panopticon (a circular prison with a system of full-scale surveillance), and from the 18th to the 19th century, as imprisonment became the main punishment, full-scale prison construction was carried out in various places. ...

*Some of the terminology that refers to "Cancer Prison" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…さらに，16世紀ごろから死刑の縮小を伴いつつ拡大したガレー船漕奴刑や植民地流刑は，18世紀に入って大型帆船の出現と植民地の独立等によって退潮し，受刑者の廃船収容や国内拘禁施設の建設を促した。以上の諸施設は，1703年クレメンス11世建立のサンミケーレ感化院や，73年設立のガン監獄など若干の例外を除いて，一般に非衛生的で，残虐な処遇を行うものもあって悪弊に富み，J.ハワードなどの改革運動を惹起した。18世紀末には，J.ベンサムによるパノプティコン(一望監視制の円形監獄)の提案などもあり，18世紀から19世紀にかけて，自由刑が中心的な刑罰として確立するに伴い，本格的な刑務所建築が各地で行われた。…

※「ガン監獄」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報