Kanshofusho - Kanshofusho

This refers to manors that have been granted tax exemption by obtaining a Dajokan and a Civil Ministry certificate. Originally, manors were tax exempt fields, so the boundaries were determined based on the lord's application and made tax exempt. The earliest recorded example is Oyama Manor in Taki County, Tamba Province, Toji Province (Sasayama City, Hyogo Prefecture) in 845 (Jowa 12). The procedure was that an official envoy sent by the Dajokan upon application would investigate the site together with the provincial governor, county governor, and manor official, determine the boundary, mark the boundaries, and prepare a certificate and map (manor map) that included the boundaries and land area, and then the Dajokan and the Civil Ministry would issue a document of approval. This is called a 'Riken Shogo'. However, even after becoming a kanshofusho, the entry of envoys such as inspectors of fields was not prevented, and from the 10th century onwards, temporary miscellaneous duties were often imposed on them, which often led to conflicts with the kokuga.

[Murai Yasuhiko]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

太政官符(だいじょうかんぷ)・民部省符を得て不輸租を認められた荘園をいう。もともと荘園は輸租田であったので、領主の申請に基づいて四至(しいし)（境界）を確定し、不輸租としたもの。記録のうえでは845年（承和12）東寺領丹波(たんば)国多紀郡大山荘（兵庫県丹波篠山(ささやま)市）が早い例である。その手続は、申請により太政官から派遣された官使が国司・郡司および荘官らとともに現地を調査し、境域を定めて四至に牓示(ぼうじ)を打ち、四至・坪付(つぼつけ)（地積）を記した券文と絵図（荘園図）とを作成、そのうえで認定の文書を太政官・民部省から発給した。これを立券荘号という。しかし官省符荘となっても、検田使など国使の入部を排除できたわけではなく、10世紀以後は臨時雑役(ぞうやく)などを賦課されることも多く、しばしば国衙(こくが)と紛争を起こしている。

［村井康彦］

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