Garum (Cooking) - Garum

Japanese: ガルム(料理) - がるむ
Garum (Cooking) - Garum

…The origin of the word sauce comes from the Latin salsus (meaning salted), and can be traced back further to sal (salt). The original form of sauce can be seen in garum, a seasoning that was widely produced in ancient Rome. Garum was made by putting the innards of fish such as mackerel, anchovies, and herring in a barrel, adding salt, and fermenting the liquid, which was then strained. This was used as a sprinkle on dishes or in combination with vinegar, water, oil, etc. …

From [Condiments]

…In addition, fish sauce made by fermenting salted fish is now widely used throughout Southeast Asia, but in Europe there is only anchovies. However, in ancient Rome there was a fish sauce called garum, which was widely used in cooking, but as mentioned above, it has been replaced by so-called cooking sauces.
[Japanese seasonings]
In the sixteenth volume of the Wamyōshō there is a passage about 'salt and plums,' and it seems likely that this 'salt and plums' corresponds to the modern word for seasoning.

*Some of the terminology that mentions "garum (cuisine)" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…ソースの語源はラテン語のsalsus(塩をしたの意)で,さらにsal(塩)までさかのぼることができる。ソースの原形は古代ローマで盛んに作られていた調味料〈ガルムgarum〉にみられる。ガルムは,サバ,アンチョビー,ニシンなどの魚の内臓を樽に入れ,塩を加えて発酵させてできた汁をこしたもので,これを料理にふりかけたり,酢,水,油などと合わせて用いていた。…

【調味料】より

…また,現在東南アジア一帯に魚を塩漬にして発酵させた魚醬(ぎよしよう)が広く用いられているが,ヨーロッパにはアンチョビーがあるくらいである。しかし,古代ローマにはガルムgarumと呼ぶ魚醬があり,盛んに調理に用いられていたのだが,それも前記のようにいわゆる調理ソースに席を譲ってしまったのである。
[日本の調味料]
 《和名抄》巻十六に〈塩梅類〉という個所があるが,この塩梅類というのがどうやら今の調味料の語に相当しそうである。…

※「ガルム(料理)」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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