Kameda (Hakodate) Magistrate

...On the border with Ezo, Kumaishi Bansho in the west and Kameda Bansho (Yamakoshinai Bansho after 1800) were established to monitor the presence and movement of Ainu and Wajin. The Wajin area was called Nishizai in the west and Higashizai in the east, with the castle town of Matsumae (Fukuyama) at the center. However, in terms of administrative districts, it was divided into three areas: the area between Haraguchi Village and Chiriuchi Village, the area between Kumaishi Village and Ishizaki Village (or Kosago Village) around Esashi, and the area between Kikonai Village and Ishizaki Village (or the area including the areas between Oyasu and Nodaoi) around Hakodate. Each area was governed by the magistrate of temples and shrines, the magistrate of Hiyama (Esashi), and the magistrate of Kameda (Hakodate). After the Matsumae clan was restored to their territory in 1821 (Bunsei 4), the number of direct-producing fishermen settling in various locations in Ezo, especially in Western Ezo, gradually increased. Especially after the end of the Edo period in 1855 (Ansei 2), the shogunate actively encouraged these direct-producing fishermen and merchants and industrialists to settle in Ezo. In addition, the traveler inspection at the Yamakoshi-nai guardhouse was abolished in 1861 (Bunkyu 1), Yamukushinai and Oshamanbe were made into "mura-nami" in 1864 (Genji 1), and Wotarunai in Western Ezo the following year. In these circumstances, the regional division system that had existed since the early modern period, between "Wajinchi" and "Ezochi," became significantly unstable, but the early modern regional division system itself was not rejected until the end of the Edo period.

*Some of the terminology explanations that refer to the "Kameda (Hakodate) Magistrate" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…蝦夷地との境には，西は熊石番所，東は亀田番所(1800年以降は山越内番所)を置き，出入アイヌ，和人の取締りを行った。また和人地は，城下町松前(福山)を中心に西部を西在，東部を東在と称したが，行政区域上は，城下町松前を中心にした原口村―知内村間，江差を中心にした熊石村―石崎村(または小砂子村)間，箱館を中心にした木古内村―石崎村(または小安―野田追間の地を含む地域)間の3地域に区分し，各々寺社･町奉行をはじめ檜山(江差)奉行，亀田(箱館)奉行が支配した。　ところで1821年(文政4)の松前氏の復領以降，蝦夷地，とりわけ西蝦夷地の各場所に定住する直接生産漁民がしだいに増加し，とくに55年(安政2)の後期幕領以降，幕府がこれら直接生産漁民や商工業者の蝦夷地への定住を積極的に奨励したのに加え，61年(文久元)の山越内番所での旅人改めの廃止，64年(元治元)のヤムクシナイ･オシャマンベの〈村並〉化や翌年の西蝦夷地ヲタルナイの〈村並〉化といった状況のなかで，〈和人地〉と〈蝦夷地〉という近世初頭以来の地域区分体制は著しく動揺するに至ったが，近世的な地域区分体制それ自体は幕末に至るまで否定されることはなかった。…

※「亀田（箱館）奉行」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

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