Pole of Cold

Japanese: 寒極 - かんきょく(英語表記)Pole of Cold
Pole of Cold

The coldest spot in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, sometimes called the cold pole. The coldest pole on Earth is located on the inland plateau of Antarctica. The coldest temperature recorded was -89.2 °C on July 21, 1983 at Vostok Station in the Russian Federation (latitude 78°28'S, longitude 106°48'E, altitude 3,488 m). In the Northern Hemisphere, -67.7 °C was recorded on February 6, 1933 at Oymyakon (latitude 63°25'N, longitude 143°15'E, altitude 740 m) in the Sakha Republic in eastern Siberia, Russia. In addition, there is a record of a temperature of -67.8 °C (-0 °F) in Verkhoyansk, also in the Sakha Republic, on February 5th and 7th, 1892. However, since the temperature was measured using an alcohol thermometer at the time, it is likely that the reading was about 0.2 °C lower than would be measured using a mercury thermometer, and therefore Oymyakon is now considered to be the coldest point in the Northern Hemisphere.

[Takeshi Kawamura and Takehiko Mikami, April 18, 2016]

[References] | Vostok Base | Oymyakon | Verkhoyansk

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

北半球と南半球でもっとも寒冷な地点のことで、寒冷極(かんれいきょく)ということもある。地球全体の寒極は南極大陸の内陸高原にある。最低気温の記録は、ロシア連邦のウォストーク基地(南緯78度28分、東経106度48分、標高3488メートル)で1983年7月21日に観測した零下89.2℃である。北半球では、ロシア連邦のシベリア東部にあるサハ共和国のオイミャコン(北緯63度25分、東経143度15分、標高740メートル)で1933年2月6日に観測した零下67.7℃である。なお、同じサハ共和国のベルホヤンスクで1892年2月5日と7日に零下67.8℃の観測記録があるが、当時はアルコール温度計による計測であったことから、水銀温度計よりも約0.2℃低く計られた可能性が高いため、現在ではオイミャコンが北半球の寒極とされている。

[河村 武・三上岳彦 2016年4月18日]

[参照項目] | ウォストーク基地 | オイミャコン | ベルホヤンスク

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