Flower cannon

Japanese: 花砲 - かほう
Flower cannon

...It is said that the Mongol Empire was built on the precision of archery and cavalry. Other firearms included the flower gun, which emitted a loud noise and was fired into enemy lines to confuse the horses and soldiers, the fire lance, an early type of gun that used flint to ignite gunpowder and fired the resulting explosive force to fire cannonballs, and a gun that imitated the cannon that the Portuguese brought to India.
[Appearance of guns]
Some Ming Dynasty weapons were imported directly from Japan, while others were made with reference to Japanese weapons.

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "hanahou" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…この弓矢と騎馬による正確な射撃がモンゴルの大帝国をつくりあげたといわれている。ほかに火器として,花砲という大音響を発するもので,これを敵陣に打ちこんで軍馬や兵士を混乱におとしいれるものがあり,ついで火槍という燧(ひうち)石を使って火薬に点火し,その爆発力によって砲弾を飛ばす初期の鉄砲があり,さらにポルトガル人がインドに運んできたといわれる大砲を模倣したものがあった。
[銃砲の登場]
 明代の武器は日本から直接輸入したものや,日本製武器を参考にして作られたものもある。…

※「花砲」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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