Governess - Governess

Japanese: ガバネス - がばねす

...The cost of hiring a tutor was high, and Smith, for example, became a tutor for the Grand Tour, which was popular at the time, and received a salary twice as high as his salary at Glasgow University for the rest of his life. In the 19th century, live-in governesses became popular among wealthy middle-class families in England. In modern times, as school education became more widespread and public education was improved, the functions of tutors were absorbed into boarding schools and school teachers. ...

From the Women's Movement

...In the 19th century, the philanthropic work that attracted a wide range of women was the basis for the women's suffrage movement, the movement for expanding opportunities for women's social activities, and the movement for women's human rights. The movement for women's education began as a means of providing relief to women of the fallen classes, and in 1841, the Housekeepers' Benevolent Society was founded for women working as live-in governesses. In 1848, Queen's College was opened in London by JFD Morris and others, and in 1849, Bedford College was opened by Elizabeth Reid as a higher education institution for women. On top of these movements, women appeared who demanded admission to the strongholds of academia, Oxford University, Cambridge University, and the University of London, and women who aspired to become medical students in particular fought various persecutions and made efforts for equal educational opportunities. ...

*Some of the terminology that mentions "governess" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…家庭教師を雇用する費用は高く，たとえばスミスは，当時流行したグランド･ツアーの付添家庭教師になって，グラスゴー大学勤務時の約2倍の年俸を終生もらえることになったほどである。また19世紀には住込みの女家庭教師(ガバネスgovernness)がイギリスの富裕な中産階級の家庭に流行した。近代に入って学校教育が普及し公教育が整備されるにつれて，家庭教師の機能は寮教育(寄宿舎)や学校教師に吸収された。…

【女性運動】より

…19世紀に入って広範な女性をひきつけた慈善事業が土台となって，婦人参政権運動をはじめとし，女性の社会的活動の機会拡大のための運動，女性の人権のための運動が展開された。女子教育を要求する運動は，没落階級の女性の救済として始められ，1841年には，住込みの家庭教師(ガバネスgoverness)として働く女性のために〈家庭教師慈善協会〉が設立され，女性の高等教育機関として，48年にJ.F.D.モーリスらによってロンドンにクィーンズ･カレッジ，49年にリードElizabeth Reidによってベドフォード･カレッジが開設された。こうした運動のうえにアカデミズムの牙城オックスフォード大学，ケンブリッジ大学，ロンドン大学への入学を要求する女性があらわれ，とくに医学を志す女性はさまざまな迫害と闘いながら，教育の機会均等のために努力をした。…

※「ガバネス」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

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