Qadariyah - Qadari is (English spelling)

Japanese: カダル派 - カダルは(英語表記)Qadarīyah
Qadariyah - Qadari is (English spelling)
The name of a school of thought in early Islamic theology. It was an intellectual movement that developed in the capital Damascus at the end of the Umayyad Caliphate period. It was a school of libertarians who sought to defend the freedom of human will in opposition to the extreme determinists (the Jabbur school) who claimed that all human will and actions are determined by God. Qadar means fate, so it seems odd to call libertarians who deny fate by such a name, but the name comes from the fact that they always took up the issue of qadar in their discussions. It is generally believed that this school became the basis of Mu'tazila theology during the Abbasid Caliphate period.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
初期イスラム神学のなかの一学派の名称。ウマイヤ朝末期,首都ダマスカスを中心に展開された思想運動で,人間の意志,行動はすべて神によって決定されると主張する極端な決定説論者たち (ジャブル派) に対抗し,人間の意志の自由を擁護しようとした自由意志論者たちの一派をカダル派という。カダルは宿命を意味する言葉で,宿命を否定する自由意志論者たちがこのような名で呼ばれるのは奇妙であるが,この名は彼らがカダルの問題を常に取上げて論じたことに由来する。一般的に,この学派がアッバース朝時代のムータジラ神学の母体となったと考えられている。

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