Acheulian culture - Acheul

Japanese: アシュール文化 - あしゅーるぶんか(英語表記)Acheul
Acheulian culture - Acheul

An Early Paleolithic culture that spread mainly across Africa, Europe, and Western Asia. The reference site is Saint-Acheul, located on the terraces of the Somme River, on the outskirts of Amiens in northern France. The terraces of the Somme River have attracted geological and archaeological attention since the 19th century, and in 1883 the Frenchman Mortier assessed them as the first cultural stage of the Paleolithic period, preceding the Mousterian culture. Although there are regional differences, they all share the hand axe, which is known as a universal stone tool. Another typical stone tool is the cleaver.

The Acheulean culture, which lasted from 1 million years ago to around 60,000 years ago, is broadly divided into the early and late periods. In the early period, the only stone tool making technology was by striking with stones, but in the late period, softer hammers made of materials such as bone and wood were also used. Great strides were made in terms of technology, and a distinctive and highly systematic stone tool making technique known as the Levallois technique was developed.

[Hideki Yamashita]

[Reference item] | Levallois technique

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

アフリカ、ヨーロッパ、西アジアを中心に広がる前期旧石器時代の文化。北フランスのアミアン郊外の、ソンム川段丘上にあるサン・アシュールを標準遺跡とする。ソンム川の段丘は19世紀以来、地質学的にも考古学的にも注目を集めてきた所だが、1883年にフランスのモルティエによってムスティエ文化に先だつ旧石器時代最初の文化段階として評価された。地域差はあるが、万能石器といわれるハンド・アックス(握槌(にぎりづち)・握斧(あくふ))を共通してもつ。代表的な石器としてはほかにクリーバー(鉈(なた)状石器)がある。

 100万年以前から6万年前ぐらいまで続くアシュール文化は、大きく前、後期に分かれる。前期には、石で打撃を加える石器製作技術しかもたなかったが、後期には骨、木などの柔らかいハンマーも用いるようになる。技術的には長足の進歩を遂げ、ルバロワ技法とよばれる特徴的できわめて体系的な石器製作技法も生み出される。

[山下秀樹]

[参照項目] | ルバロワ技法

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  Nitrous Acid - Ashosan

>>:  Ajul (English spelling)

bac
bac
Blog    

Recommend

Iso blenny (Iso ginpo) - Iso blenny (English name) Pictiblennius yatabei

A marine fish of the family Blenniidae (illustrati...

Nagamochi Castle

Year of death: Kennin 1.2 (1201) Year of birth: Ye...

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

Definition, Concept, and ClassificationThis is an ...

FNV - FNV

...Wages and prices continued to rise, and from 1...

Auguste - Auguste

… There are many different forms of divination ba...

National Front for the Liberation of the South Vietnam

The United Front was formed on December 20, 1960 i...

Optical aberration

When light comes from a celestial object to a mov...

Hijack - High jack

It is also called hijacking. It is the taking ove...

Ego

...He had little appreciation for actors after H....

Violence - violence

Generally, in the political world, physical force...

Japan-India Peace Treaty

The peace treaty between Japan and India after Wor...

Gros-Guillaume (English spelling)

...The latter produced Pierre de Larivey's (c...

Six principles - Rikugi

〘Noun〙① Six types of style in the Book of Songs. A...

Exclamation mark

… Punctuation is the equivalent of punctuation in...

Combe-Grenal

...It is a simple structure consisting of a rough...