River water - Kasen-sui (English spelling)

Japanese: 河川水 - かせんすい（英語表記）river water

Water that flows through the course of a river, i.e., the channel of a river. Sometimes the water flows under the riverbed (underground flow) and then returns to the channel, but this water is also considered part of the river water. The runoff components that make up river water can be broadly classified as surface runoff, intermediate runoff, and groundwater runoff, depending on the path they take to reach the river channel. Water quality also reflects the characteristics of the river basin. Compared to major rivers around the world, Japanese rivers have more silicate ions and less carbonate ions. River water carries out the three major processes of erosion, transport, and deposition, and plays a major role in forming landforms, especially in humid climate regions.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

河川の流路すなわち河道を流れる水。ときには河床下に潜流 (伏流) し，その水が再び河道に戻ることもあるが，このような水も河川水の一部と考える。河川水を構成する流出成分は，河道に達するまでの経路の相違によって，表面流出，中間流出，地下水流出に大別できる。また水質もその流域の特性を反映する。日本の河川は，世界の主要河川と比較して，ケイ酸イオンが多く，炭酸イオンが少い。河川の流水は浸食，運搬，堆積の三大作用を営み，特に湿潤気候地域においては，地形形成に大きな役割を果す。

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