Kazanlak - Kazanlak (English spelling)

Kazanlak is a city in the Kazanlak Basin, between the Stara Planina (Balkan) and Sredna Gora mountain ranges in central Bulgaria. It has a population of 81,536 (2001). Around the 4th to 3rd century BC, the surrounding area flourished with the construction of a castle for the Thracian chieftain Seuthes III. The Kazanlak Tomb, where the ruler of that time was buried, has magnificent murals on its interior walls and is designated as a World Heritage Site. The name Kazanlak appeared in 1430 under the Ottoman Empire, as Akja Kazanlak, and in the late 17th century it developed as the center of a district (kaza). When rose oil production was introduced from the Near East in the 17th century, a method of refining it twice was invented, producing high-quality rose oil, and in the 19th century the sales network spread to Western Europe. Handicrafts such as braiding and leatherwork flourished, which promoted the national awakening of the Bulgarian people in the mid-19th century. Rose oil production is still thriving today, and the Kazanlak Basin, where roses are widely cultivated, and the neighboring Karlovo Basin are collectively known as the "Valley of Roses." A rose festival is held every year during the rose flowering season, and there is also a rose museum. The town has preserved 19th century houses from the National Revival period, and a historical museum has also been developed.

[Kenji Terashima]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

ブルガリア中部、スタラ・プラニナ（バルカン）山脈とスレドナ・ゴラ山脈に挟まれたカザンラク盆地にある都市。人口8万1536（2001）。紀元前4～3世紀ごろ、近郊一帯はトラキア人の首長セウテス3世の居城が建設され栄えた。当時の支配者を埋葬したカザンラク古墳は、内壁にみごとな壁画が描かれており、世界文化遺産に指定されている。カザンラクの名は、オスマン帝国支配下の1430年にアクジャ・カザンラクで現れ、17世紀後半には郡（カザー）の中心地として発展。17世紀に近東からバラ油生産が伝えられると、二度精製の方法が考案されて高品質のバラ油が生産され、19世紀には西ヨーロッパにまで販売網を広げた。組紐(くみひも)業や皮革業の手工業が栄え、19世紀中葉のブルガリア人の民族的覚醒(かくせい)を促した。バラ油生産は現在も盛んで、バラの作付けの多いカザンラク盆地と、隣接のカルロボ盆地は、合わせて「バラの谷」と俗称される。毎年バラの開花期にはバラ祭りが開催されバラ博物館もある。町には19世紀の民族復興期の家屋が保存され、歴史博物館も整備されている。

［寺島憲治］

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