An island that appears above the sea surface due to the eruption of an underwater volcano. Volcanic islands can also be formed when the top of a volcanic island appears above the water surface due to the accumulation of volcanic ejecta or the uplift of the seafloor. The Kuril Islands, Izu Islands, Hawaiian Islands, Krakatoa Island, and Stromboli Island are some typical examples of volcanic islands. Volcanic islands disappear or undergo significant changes in topography due to the rise and fall of volcanic activity. Myojinsho, which formed in the waters off the Izu Islands in 1952 (Showa 27), disappeared due to a major explosion, but Nishinoshima Shinto, which was formed in the Ogasawara Islands in 1973, joined Nishinoshima Main Island the following year to form a U-shape, and in May 1982 the two islands completely merged to form a lake in the middle. Some islands have undergone drastic changes. [Masami Ichikawa] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
海底火山の噴出によって海面上に現れた島。また、火山噴出物が堆積(たいせき)したり、海底の隆起によって、その頂部が水面上に現れ火山島になることがある。千島列島、伊豆諸島、ハワイ諸島、クラカタウ島、ストロンボリ島などは火山島の代表例である。火山島はその火山活動の消長によって消滅したり、著しい地形の変化が生じたりする。1952年(昭和27)に伊豆諸島海域に生成した明神礁(みょうじんしょう)は、大爆発によって消滅したが、1973年に誕生した小笠原(おがさわら)諸島中の西之島新島(にしのしましんとう)が翌年には西之島本島と連結してU字状となり、1982年5月には両島が完全に合体して中央に湖をつくっているなど、変化が激しいものもある。 [市川正巳] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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