Particles - Kakarijoshi

Japanese: 係助詞 - かかりじょし

〘Noun〙 A type of particle in Japanese grammar. In literary Japanese, it is used as "ha, mo, zo, namu, ya, ka, koso" (sometimes including the prohibitive "na"), and in colloquial Japanese, it is used as "ha, mo, koso, sae, demo, shika, hoka", etc. In literary Japanese, these particles are used in or at the end of declarative sentences, interrogative sentences, and rhetorical sentences to indicate a problem, a point that is being emphasized, or a point that is questionable. When "zo, namu, ya, ka" or "koso" appears in a sentence, the conjugated word that follows it takes the attributive form or the past tense form, respectively, which is distinctive. In colloquial Japanese, it is not used at the end of a sentence, and even when used in a sentence, it does not affect the form of the predicate, so it is often included in the category of adverbial particles. Named by Yamada Yoshio . Keijoshi. Kakari kotoba (connecting words) . → Kakari knot

Kei-joshi [particle]

〘Noun〙 = Kakarijoshi (particle)

Source: The Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary About the Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary Information

Japanese:

〘名〙国文法で助詞の一類。文語では「は・も・ぞ・なむ・や・か・こそ」（禁止の「な」を含める場合もある）、口語では「は・も・こそ・さえ・でも・しか・ほか」など。文語でこれらの助詞は、平叙の文、疑問・反語の文などの文中または文末に用いられて、問題の点、強調する点、疑問となる点などを示す。文中に「ぞ・なむ・や・か」または「こそ」があるときは、それを受けて結ぶ活用語が、それぞれ連体形、已然形をとるところに特色がある。口語では、文末の用法はなく、また、文中に用いられる場合も述部の語形に影響を及ぼすことがないので副助詞に含められることが多い。山田孝雄(よしお)の命名による。けいじょし。係辞(かかりことば)。→係り結び