Gagaku score - gagakufu

... During the Tang Dynasty, unique notation methods were thought to have been devised for each instrument, such as the biwa, five-stringed biwa, sho, hichiriki, hokyo, flute, and koto. Japanese gagaku scores, which are notated for each instrument, are thought to have been modeled on Chinese notation, so it is not impossible to infer the Chinese notation method of the Tang Dynasty from ancient scores from the Heian period. For example, the biwa score discovered in the Mogao Caves at Dunhuang, Gansu Province, is a score for playing the four-stringed biwa, and although the positions are represented by abbreviated Chinese characters, it basically matches fragments of Japanese biwa scores from the Tenpyo period (Shosoin documents) and ancient scores from the Heian period (such as the Sangoyoroku). ...

*Some of the terminology used in reference to "gagakufu" is explained below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…　唐代には，琵琶，五弦琵琶，笙，篳篥（ひちりき），方響，笛，箏などの楽器ごとに独自の記譜法が考案されたと考えられる。楽器ごとに記譜する日本の雅楽譜は中国の記譜にならったものと思われるから，逆に平安朝の古譜から中国唐代の記譜法を想定することも不可能ではない。例えば甘粛省，敦煌莫高窟で発見された琵琶譜は四弦琵琶の奏法譜で，漢字の略体でポジションを表しているが，日本の天平時代の琵琶譜断片(正倉院文書)や平安朝の古譜(《三五要録》など)と基本的には一致する。…

※「雅楽譜」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報