virelai

Japanese: virelai
virelai

…In the 13th century, the creation of laude (praise), a type of extra-liturgical sacred song, became popular, linked to the religious movement of St. Francis of Assisi. The lyrics of laude were written in the vernacular of central Italy at the time, and their verse form shows the influence of the virelai (a medieval French musical and poetic form) established by the troubadours of northern France. In Western Europe, Western-style polyphony (polyphony in the broad sense) is known to have begun at the latest in the mid-9th century, but it later developed mainly in French church music. …

From [Medieval Music]

…In the 13th century, lauda (praise) was created in central Italy, a form of simple chant associated with the religious movement of Francis of Assisi, and cantiga (song) was created in Spain at the same time. These non-liturgical chant were closely related to the virelai (villancico in Spanish), a form of simple secular song, and were used for collective religious acts (such as penitential acts) outside the church. Polyphony, which first developed in monasteries, began to echo through the vast spaces of the cathedrals as the Gothic cathedrals were built one after another. …

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "virelai" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…13世紀には,聖フランチェスコ(アッシジの)の宗教運動と結びついた,典礼外の単旋宗教歌ラウダ(賛美の意)の創作が盛んになった。ラウダの歌詞は当時の中部イタリアの俗語で書かれており,その詩形には,トルバドゥールの流れをくむ北フランスのトルベールによって形の定められたビルレーvirelai(中世フランスの音楽および詩の形式)の影響が認められる。 西ヨーロッパでは,西欧型の多声音楽(広義のポリフォニー)は,遅くとも9世紀の半ばに始まったことがわかっているが,それはその後,フランスの教会音楽を中心に発展した。…

【中世音楽】より

…13世紀には,アッシジのフランチェスコの宗教運動と結び付いた,俗語による単旋律宗教歌ラウダlauda(賛美)が中部イタリアで作られ,同じ頃スペインでは,カンティガcantiga(歌)が作られた。これらの非典礼的宗教歌は,形式的には単旋律世俗歌の一形式であるビルレーvirelai(スペインではビリャンシーコvillancico)と深いかかわりをもち,聖堂外での信徒の集団的な宗教行為(悔悛の苦行など)に用いられた。 初めは修道院中心に発展させられた多声音楽は,ゴシック様式の大聖堂が次々と建築される頃になると,大聖堂の広大な空間にこだまするようになった。…

※「virelai」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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