...This idea was a major pillar of C. Darwin's theory of natural selection, and has been argued in various forms by many researchers for a long time. Volterra (1926) and Lotka (1932) were the first to theoretically consider this idea using a mathematical model, but in 1934, GF Gause of the Soviet Union conducted the first detailed experimental study using yeast and paramecium, clearly demonstrating the phenomenon of one species driving out the other in interspecies competition, and this idea later came to be called Gause's law (hypothesis). There are objections to this name, and it is sometimes called the competitive exclusion law or the competitive substitution law. ... From [Ecology]…From the beginning, the focus of research was on the population of individual species, whether it was to suppress pests or to increase the numbers of useful fish. The development of this field was triggered by the presentation of a mathematical model by AJ Lotka (1925) and V. Volterra (1926) and the experimental research by GF Gause (1934), and since then it has come to be called population ecology. The population of animals increases when animals are born and decreases when animals die. … *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Gause, GF" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…このような考えはC.ダーウィンの自然淘汰説の主要な柱でもあったため,多くの研究者によって古くよりいろいろな形で主張されてきた。数式モデルによってこのような考えに理論的な考察を加えたのはボルテラV.Volterra(1926)とロトカA.J.Lotka(1932)が最初であるが,1934年にソビエトのガウゼG.F.Gauseが酵母菌とゾウリムシを用いて初めて詳細な実験的研究を行い,種間競争によって一方が他方を駆逐してしまうという現象を明確に実証したところから,後にこのような考えがガウゼの法則(仮説)と呼ばれるようになった。この呼び方には異論もあり,競争的排除則あるいは競争的置換則と呼ばれることもある。… 【生態学】より…そこでは,害虫の抑圧または有用魚の増殖という課題からして,初めから個々の種の個体数が対象であった。その発展のきっかけはA.J.ロトカ(1925)とV.ボルテラ(1926)の数理モデルの提出とG.F.ガウゼ(1934)の実験的研究で,そのころからこれは個体群生態学と呼ばれるようになった。動物の個体数は生まれれば増え死ねば減る。… ※「ガウゼ,G.F.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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