Stone pile - Kokumori

Japanese: 石盛 - こくもり

Also called todai. Under the rice yield system of the Edo period, this is the average yield assessed according to the type and grade of land per tan (approximately 991 ^m2 ) of cultivated land or house land determined by land surveys. The types and grades of land were determined as follows: upper rice fields, middle rice fields, lower rice fields, lower sub-fields, upper fields, middle fields, lower sub-fields, lower fields, and house sites, based on location conditions and harvesting experience. For upper rice fields, the yield of unhulled rice per tsubo (3.3 ^m2 ) was calculated by partial harvesting called tsubo-kari, and 300 times this was taken as the yield of unpolished rice per tan. For example, if the yield of upper rice fields is 1 koku 7 to, then this is called 17 todai, and the rice yield is calculated by multiplying this by the area of the given cultivated land. From upper rice fields to middle rice fields, the rice yield is reduced by 2 bu of rice yield, and it is common to liken upper fields to middle rice fields and house sites to the same as upper fields. The amount of rice produced by this procedure was recorded in the land survey book and remained unchanged from year to year, so when collecting the annual tax, the amount of rice produced was determined by multiplying it by a tax rate called the kenmi (→ kenmi method) or the jomen method. It was abolished in 1873.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

斗代ともいう。江戸時代の石高制のもとで，検地によって決定された耕地や屋敷地1反 (約 991m²) あたりの地種・等級に応じて査定された平均収穫量。立地条件や収穫の経験により，上田，中田，下田，下々田，上畑，中畑，下畑，下々畑，屋敷の地種・等級を定め，上田について坪刈という部分収穫により坪 (3.3m²) あたりの籾の収量を求め，その 300倍の2分の1を玄米の反当収量とし，たとえば上田の反収1石7斗ならば石盛1ッ7分，斗代 17と呼び，与えられた耕地の面積に乗じて石高を算定する。上田から中田へは石盛2分ずつ下げ，上畑を中田になぞらえ，屋敷を上畑と等しくするのが普通である。この手続で定められた石高は検地帳に登録されて年々不変であったから，毎年の年貢収納の際にはさらに検見 (→検見法 ) もしくは定免による免という租率を乗じて上納高を決定した。 1873年廃止。

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