Turnover rate

Japanese: 回転率 - かいてんりつ(英語表記)turnover rate
Turnover rate

In business analysis, it is an indicator of the extent to which a company's assets, liabilities, capital, etc. have been in operation during a certain period of time. Theoretically, turnover can be calculated using the following formula:


The most commonly used and most important ratio in business analysis is the capital turnover ratio. There are various ratios such as total capital turnover ratio, working capital turnover ratio, and equity capital turnover ratio, but the total capital turnover ratio, calculated as follows, is often used as a comprehensive indicator of the activity of a company.


For example, if the total capital turnover rate is the same as the annual sales and average total capital stock, it means that the total capital turnover rate has been turned over once. The turnover rate is higher in light, short, and small industries, and lower in heavy, long, and large industries. The opposite indicator is the profit margin, which has the opposite tendency for the above-mentioned differences in industries, and the final indicator obtained by multiplying these two, the return on capital (ROI, ROA, ROE, etc.), generally converges to an average value.

Turnover rate is the inverse of turnover period, and the turnover period can be calculated by reversing the numerator and denominator in the above formula, but the turnover period can be calculated by dividing 12 months by the turnover rate. For example, if annual sales are 200 million yen and the average total capital reserve for that period is 100 million yen, the total capital turnover rate is said to be 2 turns, and the turnover period is said to be 6 months.

Other sub-indicators of turnover include asset turnover such as inventory turnover and accounts receivable turnover, and liability turnover such as accounts payable turnover, and it is also used to mean the daily customer turnover rate in the service industry.

[Tokai Mikio]

[Reference] | Business Analysis | Return on Capital

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

経営分析において、企業の資産、負債、資本等がある一定の期間にどの程度活動(運動)したかを示す指標。回転率は理論的には次の算式によって求められる。


 経営分析においてもっともよく活用され重視されるのは、資本回転率である。これには、総資本回転率、経営資本回転率、自己資本回転率などがあるが、次のようにして計算する総資本回転率は、企業活動の活発度を総合的に示すものとして多用される。


 総資本回転率は、たとえば1年間の売上高と総資本平均有高が同額であれば1回転したということになる。軽薄短小の産業では回転率は高くなり、重厚長大の産業ではそれは低くなる。それと対照的な指標が利益率で、前記の産業の相違ではちょうど逆の傾向をもつ指標となり、これを掛け合わせた最終的な指標である資本利益率(ROI、ROA、ROEなど)は、おおむね平均的な数値に収斂(しゅうれん)する。

 回転率は回転期間の逆数で、回転期間は前記の算式の分母と分子を逆にすると求められるが、12か月を回転率で割れば回転期間が算出される。たとえば、年間売上高が2億円でその期間の総資本平均有高が1億円であれば、総資本回転率は2回転であるといい、回転期間は6か月であるという。

 回転率には、そのほかのサブ指標として、棚卸資産回転率や受取勘定回転率のような資産回転率、支払勘定回転率のような負債回転率などがあり、さらにサービス業における1日の客回転率といった意味にも使われている。

[東海幹夫]

[参照項目] | 経営分析 | 資本利益率

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