Shellfish - Shellfish

Japanese: 《貝おほひ》 - かいおおい

...The oldest printed version is "Haikai-go" published by Kigin in 1656 (Meireki 2), but its origin may date back to the Kan'ei period (1624-44). It was popular among the Teimon school's Ryuho and Kigin, and Basho's famous "Kai-o-hoi" (completed in 1672) was also influenced by Kigin. It was not popular among the Danrin school, but among the Shomon school, it was a turning point in haiku style, and works such as "Inaka-ku-go", "Tokiwaya-ku-go", "Kaeru-go", and "Keshi-go" were created, showing that it was considered important....

From Danrin Haikai

...The Danrin period can be roughly divided into three periods: its rise during the Kanbun era (1661-73), its heyday during the Enpo era (1673-81), and its decline during the Tenwa era (1681-84).
[Emerging period]
After Teitoku's death, sectarian activity began to become noticeable in local haiku circles in Osaka, Sakai, and other areas, and haiku books were published one after another. In 1671, Osaka's Isen compiled the Rakukashu, which included a thousand haiku poems recited by Soin, and served as a teaching text for the Danrin. In the following year, 1672, a local haiku poet from Iga Ueno, Sobo (Basho), produced the kuawase (a collection of poems) Kai-o-hoi, which was filled with popular phrases and the lyrics of kouta (Japanese folk songs). Furthermore, in the following year, 1673, Saikaku, who was publicly denounced as a Dutchman, gathered his disciples and acquaintances at the head of the Ikutama Shrine in Osaka to perform Ikutama Manku, in opposition to the Teimon's Manku performance.

From Basho

…
[career]
He started to study haiku in his late teens, and his first collection was in 1664 (Kanbun 4). At the time, he was a member of the group of Todo Sengin (1642-66), the eldest son of the Todo clan's Iga tsukeshi taisho (general), and enjoyed the Teimon haiku of Kigin. However, after Sengin's death, he lost hope of entering the service, and decided to become a haiku poet. In 1672, he traveled to Edo with the Thirty-Bun Ku-Ase (Concert of 30 verses) Kai-Ohohi (Bullet Train), stamped by Munefusa. However, it is believed that he did not settle in Edo and begin to be active until 1674 (Enpo 2), when he went to the capital and received instruction in Umoregi (Bullet Train) from Kitamura Kigin.

From "Nu Haikai"

...Nu haikai became popular mainly during the Kanbun period (1661-73), and the solitary recitation of kasen by such poets as Eiri Seijuro Tsuizen Yatsukohaikai (1667), compiled by Katoku and printed by Sadaoki, as well as Ryuho, Nakarai Bokuyo, and Kean are well known. Basho's Kai Ohohi (1672) also makes extensive use of nu kotoba. [Inui Hiroyuki]...

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "kai ohohi" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…1656年(明暦2)の季吟判《俳諧合》が版本として最も古いが，発生は寛永(1624‐44)ごろまでさかのぼりうるかもしれない。貞門の立圃（りゆうほ），季吟らに多く，有名な芭蕉の《貝おほひ》(1672成立)も季吟の影響下に成った。談林ではふるわなかったが，蕉門では俳風の転換点で《田舎句合》《常盤屋句合》《蛙合》《罌粟（けし）合》等々が成立しており，重要視されていたことがわかる。…

【談林俳諧】より

…談林の時代は大体，寛文年間(1661‐73)の台頭期，延宝年間(1673‐81)の最盛期，天和年間(1681‐84)の衰退期の3期に分けられる。
［台頭期］
　貞徳の没後大坂･堺など地方俳壇の分派活動が目だち始め，俳書の刊行があいつぐなか，1671年には大坂の以仙（いせん）が《落花集》を編み，宗因の独吟千句を収めてこれに談林の教書的役割を果たさせ，翌72年には伊賀上野の一地方俳人宗房（そうぼう）(芭蕉)が，流行語や小唄の歌詞をふんだんに盛り込んだ句合（くあわせ）《貝おほひ》を制作。さらに翌73年には，世間から阿蘭陀流とののしられていた西鶴が，貞門の万句興行に対抗して，大坂生玉社頭に門人･知友を集め《生玉（いくたま）万句》を興行した。…

【芭蕉】より

…
［閲歴］
　10代末から俳諧に手をそめ，最初の入集は1664年(寛文4)。当時，藤堂藩伊賀付士大将家の嫡男藤堂蟬吟（せんぎん）(1642‐66)の連衆として季吟系の貞門俳諧に遊んだが，蟬吟の死で出仕の望みを失い，俳諧師を志し，72年宗房判の三十番句合《貝おほひ》を携えて江戸に下った。ただし，江戸に定住して活躍を始めたのは，74年(延宝2)に上京して北村季吟から《埋木（うもれぎ）》の伝授を受けた後と推定される。…