Pressurized water reactor - pressurized water reactor

Japanese: 加圧水型原子炉 - かあつすいがたげんしろ
Pressurized water reactor - pressurized water reactor

A type of light water reactor. Developed in the United States. It is also called PWR, or simply P, which is the abbreviation for Pressurized-Water Reactor.

In a PWR, the pressure in the primary cooling system is kept at about 150 atmospheres. At this pressure, water can be heated to about 343°C without boiling, but to keep the heat transfer rate high, it is heated to an average of 315°C. The high-pressure water heated in the core circulates through the primary reactor cooling system and transfers heat to the secondary side of the steam generator. The water in the secondary cooling system boils at a pressure of about 70 atmospheres, and becomes steam for the turbine at a temperature of about 260°C. The fuel rods are zircaloy cladding tubes containing uranium dioxide pellets, which are about 1 centimeter in diameter, 4 meters in length, and 0.6 millimeters thick. For example, in the Kansai Electric Power Company's Ohi Nuclear Power Plant Unit 4, which has an electrical output of 1.18 million kilowatts, 264 such fuel rods are bundled together at a pitch (spacing) of about 13 millimeters to form one fuel assembly, and the reactor core is made up of 193 fuel assemblies.

When a nuclear reactor is operating, the temperature at the center of the fuel rod is about 2000°C, while the surface temperature of the cladding tube averages 315°C, resulting in a temperature difference of more than 1500°C over a distance of just 5 millimeters. Cooling water flows between the fuel rods in a jet stream at a speed of 3 meters per second, constantly carrying away the generated heat. Light water reactors are characterized by their extremely compact design, due to the pursuit of economy, and their extremely high power density. The power density of a large PWR is about 100 kilowatts/liter, and its linear power is around 500 watts/centimeter.

[Jun Sakurai]

[Reference] | Light water reactor | Nuclear power generation | Nuclear reactor | Boiling water reactor
Structure of pressurized water reactor and steam generator
©Shogakukan ">

Structure of pressurized water reactor and steam generator


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

軽水炉の一種。アメリカで開発された。英文のつづりPressurized-Water Reactorの頭文字をとってPWR、あるいは単にPともいう。

 PWRでは、一次冷却系の圧力は約150気圧に保たれている。この圧力の下では、約343℃まで水を沸騰させずに加熱することができるが、熱伝達率を高く保つため、平均315℃まで熱せられる。炉心で加熱された高圧水は、原子炉一次冷却系を循環し、蒸気発生器の二次側へ熱を伝える。二次冷却系の水は圧力が約70気圧で沸騰し、温度が約260℃のタービン用水蒸気になる。燃料棒は、ジルカロイ被覆管に二酸化ウランのペレットを封入したもので、被覆管の直径は約1センチメートル、長さ約4メートル、厚さ約0.6ミリメートルである。電気出力118万キロワットの関西電力大飯発電所(おおいはつでんしょ)4号機を例にあげると、このような燃料棒が、約13ミリメートルのピッチ(間隔)で264本束ねられて一つの燃料集合体をつくり、炉心は、燃料集合体193体で構成されている。

 原子炉の運転中には、燃料棒の中心部の温度は約2000℃、被覆管の表面温度は平均315℃にもなり、わずか5ミリメートルの間で1500℃以上もの温度差が生じている。燃料棒の間を流れる冷却水は、秒速3メートルのジェット流で、定常的に発生熱を運び去っている。軽水炉の特徴は、経済性を追求したために、非常にコンパクトにできており、出力密度が非常に高い点にある。大型PWRの出力密度は約100キロワット/リットル、線出力は500ワット/センチメートル程度である。

[桜井 淳]

[参照項目] | 軽水炉 | 原子力発電 | 原子炉 | 沸騰水型原子炉
加圧水型原子炉と蒸気発生装置の構造
©Shogakukan">

加圧水型原子炉と蒸気発生装置の構造


出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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