Karikura

Japanese: 狩倉 - かりくら
Karikura

A place for hunting, that is, a hunting ground. It also meant the hunting itself that took place in the hunting ground, and the competition for the catch during the hunt. Even under the Ritsuryo system, it was permitted to occupy mountains and fields as hunting grounds as long as it did not interfere with the use and benefits of farmers, but from the mid-Heian period onwards, wilderness areas gradually came to be owned by local feudal lords as "karikura" or "kariniwa". Using bows and horses as their main weapons, they practiced their warfare skills by hunting there, and controlled the lay people by owning such mountains and fields. According to the entry for March 21, 1193, in the Azuma Kagami, "karikura" can be found in Nasuno, Shimotsuke Province, and Mihara, Shinano Province. In addition, according to the Akimiru no Shoji Totokubun Order for the Allocation of Fields, etc. to the Land Lords of the Three Manors of Aki (Kamakura Ibun No. 4849), "Karikurayama" appears to have been the land lord's territory. In folk customs, the entire area inhabited by deer and wild boars was called "Kakura" (hunting warehouse), and hunting was carried out within that area.

[Hideo Kuroda]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

狩猟する場所、すなわち狩場。さらには、狩場で行われる狩りそのものや、狩りにおいて獲物を競い合うことをも意味した。律令(りつりょう)制下においても、農民の用益を妨げぬ限り山野を狩猟地として占取することが認められていたが、平安中期以後になると、在地領主たちによって原野がしだいに「狩倉」「狩庭(かりにわ)」として領有されるようになった。弓馬を主要武器とする彼らは、そこで狩猟による戦技訓練を行うとともに、そのような山野の領有によって在家(ざいけ)住人たちを支配したのである。『吾妻鏡(あづまかがみ)』建久(けんきゅう)4年(1193)3月21日条によれば、下野(しもつけ)国那須野(なすの)、信濃(しなの)国三原(みはら)などの「狩倉」がみえる。また、安芸三入荘地頭得分(あきみるのしょうじとうとくぶん)田畠等配分注文(はいぶんちゅうもん)(『鎌倉遺文』4849号)によれば、「狩蔵山」が地頭の所領としてみえている。なお、民俗では、シカ、イノシシの生息する区域全体を「カクラ」(狩倉)とよび、その区域内で狩猟を行うのである。

[黒田日出男]

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